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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: sent- 'to send, go, choose direction; to sense'

Semantic Fields: to Go; to Sense, Perceive; Sense

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	set	n	road, path	W7
English
Old English:	sendan, sende, sened	vb.wk.I	to send	LRC
	sið	n.masc	road, voyage, journey	LRC
Middle English:	as(s)enten	vb	to assent	W7/CDC
	consenten	vb	to consent	W7
	dissenten	vb	to dissent	W7
	senden	vb	to send	W7
	senten	vb	to scent	W7
	sentence	n	sentence	W7
English:	assent	vb.intrans	to agree, concur	AHD/W7
	consent	vb.intrans	to accord in opinion/sentiment	AHD/W7
	dissent	vb.intrans	to withhold assent	AHD/W7
	godsend	n	needed thing, desirable event	AHD/W7
	presentiment	n	premonition, feeling that something will/is about to happen	AHD/W7
	resent	vb.trans	to feel/express/exhibit indignant displeasure at	AHD/W7
	scent	vb	to smell, sense with olfactory organs	AHD/W7
	send, sent	vb.wk	to cause to go	AHD/W7
	sense	n	import, signification, meaning intended/conveyed	AHD/W7
	sense	vb.trans	to perceive, be(come) aware of	W7
	sentence	n	opinion	AHD/W7
	sentient	adj	responsive to/conscious of sense impressions	AHD/W7
	sentiment	n	predilection, thought/judgment/attitude prompted by feeling	AHD/W7
	sentinel	n	sentry, one who guards/watches	AHD/W7
	widdershins	adv	counterclockwise, in wrong/contrary/left-handed direction	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	senda	vb	to send	ASD
	sinna	vb	to think, ponder	RPN
Old Saxon:	sendian	vb	to send	ASD
	sið	n.masc	way, journey; time	ASD
	sið-worig	adj	lit. travel-weary	ASD
Middle Low German:	weddersinnes	adv	widdershins	W7
Old High German:	sendan/sentan	vb	to send	W7/ASD
	sin	n	sense, mind	RPN
	sind	n.masc	way, path; place, office	ASD
German:	Gesandte	n.masc	envoy, minister, ambassador	LRC
	senden	vb	to send	LRC
	Sinn	n.masc	sense, mind, thought	RPN
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	senda, sendad	vb	to send	LRC
	sinn	n.neut	time, occasion	LRC
Danish:	sind(s)	n	time(s)	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	sandjan	vb	to send	ASD
	sinþ(s)	n	time, occasion	ASD
Italic
Latin:	adsentio, adsentire	vb	to assent	CDC/ELD
	assentio, assentire	vb	to assent	W7
	assentor, assentari	vb.dep	to approve, give assent	W7
	consentio, consentire	vb	to agree, consent	W7
	dissentio, dissentire	vb	to disagree, dissent	W7
	praesentio, praesentire	vb	to feel/perceive beforehand	W7
	sensa, sensorum	n.neut.pl	ideas, perceptions	LRC
	sensus, sensus	n.masc	sense, feeling, perception	RPN
	sentens, sententis	vb.ptc	thinking, believing	W7
	sententia, sententiae	n.fem	sentence: feeling, opinion, conversation	LRC
	sentiens, sentientis	adj/vb.ptc	feeling, sensing	W7
	sentio, sentire, sensi, sensum	vb	to feel, think, sense	RPN
Medieval Latin:	sentimentum	n.neut	sentiment, predilection	W7
Old French:	as(s)enter	vb	to assent	W7/CDC
	ressentir	vb	to feel, resent, be emotionally sensitive to	W7
	sentence	n.fem	sentence, decision of judge, punishment for crime	W7
	sentir	vb	to sense, feel	W7
Middle French:	pressentiment	n.masc	presentiment	W7
	pressentir	vb	to have a presentiment	W7
	sens	n.masc	sense, feeling, sensation, perception	W7
	sentinelle	n.fem	guard	W7
	sentir	vb	to sense, feel, smell	W7
French:	assentir	vb	to assent	CDC
	pressentiment	n.masc	presentiment, premonition	W7
	ressentir	vb	to be emotionally sensible	W7
	sentiment	n.masc	sentiment	W7
Old Italian:	sentina	n.fem	vigilance	W7
	sentinella	n.fem	guard	W7
	sentire	vb	to sense	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
I	=	class 1
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
dep	=	deponent
fem	=	feminine (gender)
intrans	=	intransitive
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pl	=	plural (number)
ptc	=	participle
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
ELD	=	Charlton T. Lewis: An Elementary Latin Dictionary (1999)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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