The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: (s)kek-, skeg- 'to jump, spring, move quickly; shake'

Semantic Field: to Jump, Leap

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	sc(e)acan, sceoc/scoc, sc(e)acen	vb.str	to shake; flee, hurry	IEW/ASD
	sceacga	n.masc	hair on head	W7/ASD
	sceacged	adj	shaggy, having hair on head	ASD
	sceon	vb.wk	to hurry, hasten; occur, happen	IEW
Middle English:	*shagge	n	shag	W7
	shaken	vb	to shake	W7
English:	shag	n	shaggy tangled mass/covering	W7
	shaggy	adj	re: long/coarse/matted hair/fiber	W7
	shake, shook, shaken	vb.str	to quiver, vibrate, agitate	IEW
	skeg	n	surfboard fin	LRC
W-Germanic
German:	Geschick	n.neut	fate	TLL
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	skaka	vb.str	to shake, swing, cut	W7/IEW
	skegg	n.neut	shag, beard	LRC
	skógr	n.masc	wood, forest	LRC
Icelandic:	skegg	n	shag, beard	ASD
Danish:	overskaeg	n	moustache	TLL
	skaeg	n	shag, beard	TLL
	skov	n	wood, forest	TLL
Swedish:	skaka	vb	to shake	TLL
	skog	n	wood, forest	TLL
	skägg	n	shag, beard	TLL
Baltic
Latvian:	sakt, saku, saku	vb	to begin	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	khajati	vb	to shake, stir	W7/IEW

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
str	=	strong (inflection)
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next