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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: (s)leg- : (s)lug-, and (s)leg- 'weak, feeble, languid'

Semantic Field: Weak, Infirm

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	sleac	adj	slack	W7
Middle English:	lachesse	n	laches	W7
	languishen	vb	to languish	W7
	lax	adj	lax	W7
	lessour	n	lessor	W7
	lusch	adj	lush; soft, tender	W7
	relaxen	vb	to relax, make less compact	W7
	reles	n	relish	W7
	relesen	vb	to release	W7
	slak	adj	slack	W7
English:	algolagnia	n	pleasure in inflicting/suffering pain	AHD/W7
	catalectic	adj	lacking syllable at end, ending in imperfect foot	AHD/W7
	laches	n	negligence in observance of duty/opportunity	AHD/W7
	lagomorph	n	gnawing mammal: rabbit, hare, pika	AHD/W7
	languid	adj	weak, drooping/flagging (as if) from exhaustion	AHD/W7
	languish	vb.intrans	to be/become weak/feeble/enervated	AHD/W7
	lax	adj	loose, open	AHD/W7
	lease	vb.trans	to let, grant by lease	AHD/W7
	lessor	n	one who conveys by lease	AHD/W7
	lush	adj	producing luxuriant foliage	AHD/W7
	relax	vb	to slacken, make less tense/rigid	AHD/W7
	release	vb.trans	to free from restraint/confinement/servitude	AHD/W7
	relish	n	characteristic taste/flavor	AHD/W7
	slack	adj	negligent, without care/dispatch/diligence	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Dutch:	laken	n	sheet	TLL
Old High German:	lahhan	n	sheet, cloth, garment	KDW
	slah	adj	slack	W7
German:	Laken	n	sheet	TLL
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	lin-lak	n	linen sheet	KNW
Danish:	lagen	n	sheet	TLL
Swedish:	lakan	n	sheet	TLL
Italic
Latin:	langueo, languere	vb	to be weak, languid	W7
	languidus	adj	languid	W7
	languo, languere	vb	to languish	W7
	laxo, laxare	vb	to loosen, slacken	W7
	laxus	adj	lax	W7
	relaxo, relaxare	vb	to relax, loosen	W7
Vulgar Latin:	langueo, languere	vb	to languish	W7
Late Latin:	catalecticus	adj	verse with missing syllable(s)	W7
New Latin:	algolagnia	n.fem	algolagnia	W7
Old French:	laissier	vb	to leave, let go	W7
	reles	n.masc	something left behind, release	W7
	relessier	vb	to relax	W7
Anglo-French:	lesser	vb	to lease	W7
	lessour	n.masc	lessor, landlord	W7
Middle French:	languide	adj	languishing	W7
	languir	vb	to languish	W7
	laschesse	n.fem	cowardice; lack of scrupulousness re: deadlines	W7
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	lagôós	n.masc	hare	LRC
	lêgô	vb	to stop, cease, abate	LRC
Attic:	lagôs	n.masc	hare	LRC
Greek:	kata-lêgô	vb	to leave off	LRC
	katalektikos	adj	verse with missing syllable(s)	W7
	lagneia	n.fem	lust	W7
	lagnos	adj	lustful	AHD

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
intrans	=	intransitive
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
KDW	=	Gerhard Köbler: Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 4th ed. (1993)
KNW	=	Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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