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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: spergh-, spregh-, nasalized sprengh- 'to rush, hurry, spring, jump'

Semantic Fields: to Hurry, Hasten; to Jump, Leap

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	æ-spring/æ-sprynge	n.neut	fountain, lit. water-spring	ODE/ASD
	besprengan	vb	to besprinkle	W7/ASD
	spring/spryng	n.masc	spring: source; rising/springing; what springs up	ODE/ASD
	springan, sprang, sprungon, sprungen	vb.str.III	to spring, spread, burst forth	LRC
	wiell-spring	n	wellspring	ODE
Middle English:	besprengen	vb	to besprinkle	W7
	bespreynt	adj	besprent	W7
	sprenge/springe	n	springe	W7
	spring	n	spring	ODE
	springen	vb	to spring	W7
English:	besprent	adj	sprinkled over	AHD/W7
	gelandesprung	n	skiing jump made from low crouch	AHD/W7
	klipspringer	n	small agile African antelope	AHD
	spring, sprang, sprung	vb.str	to leap, dart, shoot, move elastically	AHD/W7
	spring	n	(water) source; season of growth	IEW/W7
	springbok	n	small S African brown/white leaping gazelle	AHD
	springe	n	noose fastened to elastic to catch small game	AHD/W7
	springle	n	springe, bird trap/snare	IEW
	wellspring	n	fountainhead, source of supply	W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	springa	vb	to spring, spread, burst forth	ASD
Middle Dutch:	spring	n	spring: source	ODE
	springhen	vb	to spring	AHD
Dutch:	springen	vb	to spring	ODE
	springer	n	springer: leaper, jumper	AHD
Afrikaans:	klipspringer	n	klipspringer	AHD
	springbok	n	springbok	AHD
Old Saxon:	springan	vb	to spring, burst forth	ASD
Middle Low German:	spring	n	spring: source	ODE
Old High German:	spring	n	spring: source	ODE
	springan	vb	to spring, jump	W7
German:	Geländesprung	n.masc	gelandesprung	W7
	springen	vb	to spring, jump	LRC
	Sprung	n.masc	leap, jump	W7
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	springa	vb	to spring	ODE
Icelandic:	springa	vb	to spring, burst, crack	ASD
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	spérchô	vb	to speed, hasten, drive fast	LRC
Greek:	asperchés	adv	unceasingly	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
III	=	class 3
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
str	=	strong (inflection)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
ODE	=	C.T. Onions: The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (1966)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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