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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: sreu- 'to stream, flow'

Semantic Field: to Flow

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	stream	n.masc	stream	LRC
Middle English:	diaria	n	diarrhea	W7
	reume	n	rheum	W7
	-ria	n.sfx	-rrhea	W7
	streme	n	stream	W7
English:	catarrh	n	mucous membrane inflammation	AHD/W7
	diarrhea	n	abnormally frequent intestinal discharge	AHD/W7
	hemorrhoid	n	mass of veins in swollen tissue at/within anal margin	AHD/W7
	maelstrom	n	powerful (often violent) whirlpool	AHD/W7
	rheo-	pfx	flow, current	AHD/W7
	rheum	n	watery discharge from mucous membranes	AHD/W7
	rhyolite	n	acid volcanic rock: lava form of granite	AHD/W7
	rhythm	n	recurrent alternation of strong/weak elements in sound	AHD/W7
	rhyton	n	ancient hornlike drinking vessel	AHD
	-rrhea	n.sfx	flow, discharge	AHD/W7
	sastruga	n	long wavelike snow ridge	AHD
	stream	n	body of moving water	AHD/W7
	stream	vb	to flow (as if) in stream	W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	stram	n	stream	ASD
Dutch:	maalstroom	n	maelstrom	W7
	stroom	n	stream, current	TLL
Old Saxon:	strom	n	stream	ASD
Old High German:	stroum/strum	n	stream	W7/ASD
German:	Rhyolith	n	rhyolite	W7
	Strom	n.masc	stream; electric current	LRC
	Strömung	n.fem	stream, current	TLL
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	straumr	n	stream	ASD
Danish:	strøm	n	stream, current	TLL
Swedish:	ström	n	stream, current	TLL
Italic
Latin:	haemorrhoidae	n.fem.pl	hemorrhoids	W7
	rheuma	n.neut	flux of the sea	W7
	rhythmus	n.masc	rhythm	W7
Late Latin:	catarrhus	n.masc	catarrh	W7
	diarrhoea	n.fem	diarrhea	W7
	-rrhoea	sfx	flowing	W7
Middle French:	catarrhe	n.masc	catarrh	W7
	hemorrhoides	n.fem.pl	hemorrhoids	W7
	reume	n.masc	flu, cold	W7
French:	rhythme	n.masc	rhythm	W7
Slavic
Russian:	struga	n	deep place	AHD
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	kata-rréô	vb	to flow down	LRC
	réô	vb	to flow, stream, gush	LS
	róos	n	flow, stream, current	LRC
Greek:	haimorrhoos	adj	flowing with blood	W7
	dia-rréô	vb	to flow through	LRC
	dia-rrhoia	n.fem	diarrhea, lit. flowing through	W7
	kata-rrhous	adj	that flows; re: influenza	W7
	rheuma	n.neut	flow, flux	W7
	rhoia	n.fem	flux, flow	W7
	-rrhoia	sfx	flowing	W7
	rhyax	n	stream (of lava)	W7
	rhythmos	n.masc	rhythm	W7
	rutós	adj	fluid, liquid, flowing	LS
Indic
Sanskrit:	sarati	vb	to flow	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pfx	=	prefix
pl	=	plural (number)
sfx	=	suffix
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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