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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 8. (s)ter- 'dung, stercory, dirty water; to rot, befoul'

Semantic Fields: to Void Excrement; Dung, Excrement; Dirty, Soiled; to Spoil

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Breton:	troaz	n	urine	IEW
Welsh:	trwnc	n	urine; dregs, sediment	IEW
English
Middle English:	stercorye	n	stercory	OED
English:	dre(c)k	n	junk, trash, rubbish	W9
	stercoraceous	adj	re: dung	AHD/W7
	stercoral	adj	re: dung	OED
	stercoricolous	adj	living in dung	W7
	stercory	n.obs	filth, dung, excrement	OED
	stercovorous	adj	scatophagous, lit. dung-eating	W7
W-Germanic
Middle High German:	drec	n	dung, excrement	W9
German:	Dreck	n.masc	mud, mire, dirt, filth; dung, excrement	W9
Yiddish:	drek	n	dreck; dung, excrement	W9
Italic
Latin:	stercus, stercoris	n.neut	manure, stercory	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
obs	=	obsolete

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
OED	=	James A.H. Murray et al: The Oxford English Dictionary (1933)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)
W9	=	Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (1983)

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