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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: sueks, seks, kseks, ksueks, ueks : uks 'six'

Semantic Fields: Number; Much, Many

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	seissed	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE
	sé	nbr.card	six (6)	EIE
Irish:	sé	nbr.card	six (6)	LRC
Scots Gaelic:	sia	nbr.card	six (6)	LRC
Manx:	shey	nbr.card	six (6)	LRC
Welsh:	chwech	nbr.card	six (6)	EIE
	chweched	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE
Gaulish:	suexos	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE
English
Old English:	siex	nbr.card	six (6)	LRC
	siexta	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE
	siextig	nbr.card	sixty (60)	LRC
Middle English:	sexte	n	sext	W7
	six	nbr.card	six (6)	W7
	sixty	nbr.card	sixty (60)	W7
English:	hex(a)-	pfx	six	AHD
	hexad	n	group/series of six	AHD/W7
	hexagon	n	polygon with six sides	AHD
	Hexateuch	prop.n	first 6 books of Hebrew Bible, lit. six containers	LRC
	semester	n	six months	AHD/W7
	senary	adj	re: six, compounded of six parts/things	AHD/W7
	sestet	n	poem/stanza of six lines	AHD/W7
	sestina	n	lyrical form: six-line stanzas	AHD/W7
	sex-	pfx	six	AHD/W7
	sexagenary	adj	by sixties	AHD
	sexcentenary	adj	re: 600	AHD
	sexennial	adj	(happening) every 6 years	AHD
	sext	n	fourth canonical hour	AHD/W7
	sextant	n	instrument for measuring celestial body altitude	AHD/W7
	sextile	n	aspect of heavenly bodies 60 degrees apart	AHD/W7
	siesta	n	afternoon nap/rest	AHD/W7
	Sistine	adj	re: pope named Sixtus	LRC
	six	nbr.card	6	AHD/W7
	sixth	nbr.ord	6th	AHD/W7
	sixty	nbr.card	60	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	sehs	nbr.card	six	W7
	seh(s)to	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE
German:	sechs	nbr.card	six (6)	LRC
	sechste	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	LRC
	sechzig	nbr.card	sixty (60)	LRC
	Semester	n.neut	semester	W7
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	sex	nbr.card	six (6)	EIE
	setti	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE
E-Germanic
Gothic:	saíhs	nbr.card	six	LRC
	saíhsta	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE
Crimean Gothic:	seis	nbr.card	six (6)	CGo
Italic
Umbrian:	sest-	pfx.card	sixth (6th)	EIE
Latin:	semestris	adj	half-yearly	W7
	senarius	adj	consisting of six each	W7
	seni	adv	six each	W7
	sex	nbr.card	six	W7
	sexta	n.fem	sixth hour of the day	W7
	sextans, sextantis	n.masc	sixth part	W7/CLD
	Sextilis	prop.n	sixth month (in old Roman calendar)	LRC
	sextilis	adj	re: sixth month	W7
	sextus	nbr.ord	sixth	W7
Late Latin:	hexas, hexadis	n.fem	group of six	W7
	sexta	n.fem	sixth hour of day	W7
New Latin:	sextans, sextantis	n.masc	1/6 of circle	W7
	sixtinus	adj	re: pope named Sixtus	W7
	Sixtus	prop.n.masc	name of some popes	W7
Spanish:	siesta	n.fem	nap	W7
Italian:	sestetto	n.masc	sextet	W7
	sestina	n.fem	six-line stanza	W7
	sesto	nbr.ord	sixth	W7
	sistino	adj	Sistine (from Pope Sixtus IV)	W7
Baltic
Old Prussian:	us(ch)ts	nbr.card	sixth (6th)	EIE
Lithuanian:	sesi	nbr.card	six (6)	EIE
	sestas	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE
Latvian:	sesi	nbr.card	six (6)	EIE
	sestais	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	sesti	nbr.card	six (6)	EIE
Bulgarian:	sésti	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE
Albanian
Albanian:	gjashtë	nbr.card	six (6)	EIE
	gjashtë(t)	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	éx	nbr.card	six	LRC
	exêkonta	nbr.card	sixty	LRC
Greek:	éktos	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE
	hexas	n.fem	group of six	W7
Armenian
Armenian:	vec	nbr.card	six (6)	EIE
	vec'erord	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE
Iranian
Avestan:	xstva-	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE
	xsvas	nbr.card	six (6)	EIE
Indic
Sanskrit:	sás	nbr.card	six (6)	EIE
	sasthá-	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE
Tocharian
Tocharian B:	skas	nbr.card	six (6)	EIE
	skaste	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE
Tocharian A:	säk	nbr.card	six (6)	EIE
	skäst	nbr.ord	sixth (6th)	EIE

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
card	=	cardinal
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
nbr	=	number
neut	=	neuter (gender)
ord	=	ordinal
pfx	=	prefix
prop	=	proper

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
CGo	=	MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978)
CLD	=	Cassell's Latin Dictionary (1959, rev. 1968)
EIE	=	J.P. Mallory and D.Q. Adams, eds. Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture (1997)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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