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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: suen- 'to sound, resound'

Semantic Field: Sound (n)

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	swinn	n.masc	sound, melody	W7
Middle English:	consonant	adj/n	consonant	W7
	resounen	vb	to resound	W7
	soun	n	sound	W7
	swan	n	swan	W7
English:	assonance	n	resemblance of sound	AHD/W7
	consonant	adj	being in harmony/agreement	AHD/W7
	consonant	n	speech sound involving closure/constriction of vocal tract	AHD/W7
	dissonant	adj	discordant, marked by disagreement	AHD/W7
	resound	vb	to reverberate, become filled with sound	AHD/W7
	sonant	adj	voiced	AHD/W7
	sonata	n	instrumental music with movements in contrasting keys/forms	AHD/W7
	sone	n	subjective unit of loudness	AHD/W7
	sonic	adj	re: sound within audible frequency range	AHD/W7
	sonnet	n	verse form of 14 lines	AHD/W7
	sonorous	adj	producing sound	AHD/W7
	sound	n	sensation perceived by sense of hearing	AHD/W7
	sound	vb	to make/emit sound	W7
	swan	n	long-necked white aquatic bird	AHD/W7
	unison	n	identity in musical pitch	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Middle High German:	swan	n	swan	W7
German:	Schwan	n.masc	swan	LRC
Italic
Latin:	assono, assonare	vb	to answer with same sound	W7
	consonans, consonantis	adj/vb.ptc	consonant, harmonious	W7
	consono, consonare	vb	to agree, lit. sound together	W7
	dissonans, dissonantis	adj/vb.ptc	dissonant	W7
	dissono, dissonare	vb	to be discordant	W7
	resono, resonare	vb	to resound	W7
	sonans, sonantis	vb.pres.ptc	sounding	W7
	sonitus, sonitus	n.masc	sound	LRC
	sono, sonare, sonui, sonitus	vb	to sound, pronounce	LRC
	sonorus	adj	loud, sonorous	W7
	sonus	n.masc	sound	W7
Medieval Latin:	unisonus	adj	having the same sound	W7
Portuguese:	assonancia	n	assonance	CDC
Spanish:	asonancia	n	assonance	CDC
Old French:	son	n.masc	sound	W7
Middle French:	dissonant	adj	dissonant	W7
	resoner	vb	to resound	W7
	unison	n.fem	unison	W7
French:	assonance	n.fem	assonance	W7
	sonnet	n	sonnet	TLL
Old Provençal:	son	n.masc	sound, song	W7
	sonet	n.masc.dim	sonnet, little song	W7
Italian:	sonare	vb	to sound	W7
	sonata	n.fem	sonata	W7
	sonetto	n.masc.dim	sonnet	W7
Indic
Sanskrit:	svanati	vb	to sound	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
dim	=	diminutive
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
pres	=	present (tense)
ptc	=	participle
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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