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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: suomb(h)o-s 'porous, spongy, swampy'

Semantic Fields: Thin (in Density); Soft

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	swamm	n.masc	sponge; fungus, mushroom	KEW/ASD
Middle English:	sompe	n	swamp	W7
English:	sump	n	pit/reservoir serving as drain/receptacle for liquid	AHD/W7
	swamp	n	spongy land covered/saturated by water	AHD/W7
	swampy	adj	spongy, re: swamp	W7
W-Germanic
Middle Dutch:	somp	n	swamp, morass	W7
Dutch:	spons	n	sponge	TLL
	zwam	n	sponge	ASD
Old High German:	swam(b)/swamm	n	sponge; fungus, mushroom	KDW/ASD
Middle High German:	sumpf	n	swamp, marsh	W7
German:	Schwamm	n.masc	sponge; fungus, mushroom	LRC
	Sumpf	n.masc	swamp, marsh	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	svoppr/soppr	n	sponge; fungus, mushroom	KNW
Danish:	svamp	n	sponge; fungus, mushroom	TLL
Swedish:	svamp	n	swamp; fungus, mushroom	ASD/TLL
E-Germanic
Gothic:	swamms	n	sponge	ASD
Hellenic
Greek:	somphós	adj	spongy, porous	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
KDW	=	Gerhard Köbler: Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 4th ed. (1993)
KEW	=	Gerhard Köbler: Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003)
KNW	=	Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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