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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers lacking Unicode^® support, or having less than full Unicode 2.0 font support. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and Unicode 2) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 1. tem-, tend- 'to cut'

Semantic Field: to Cut

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	temp(e)l	n.neut	temple (edifice)	W7
Middle English:	anatomie	n	anatomy	AHD
	atom/a(t)tome	n	atom	W7/CDC
	temple	n	temple (edifice)	W7
	tempylle	n	temple (in loom)	W7
	tonsure	n	tonsure	W7
English:	anatomy	n	morphology re: structure of organisms	AHD/W7
	atom	n	minute indivisible particle	AHD/W7
	contemplate	vb.trans	to meditate on, view/consider with attention	AHD/W7
	diatom	n	minute planktonic colonial/unicellular alga	AHD/W7
	dichotomy	n	act/result of dividing into two groups	AHD/W7
	entom(o)-	pfx	(re:) insect	AHD/W7
	entomology	n	lit. insect-study	LRC
	epitome	n	summary of written work	AHD/W7
	orchiectomy	n	surgical removal of testicle(s)	AHD
	temple	n	edifice for deity worship	AHD/W7
	temple	n	device in loom for stretching web transversely	AHD/W7
	tmesis	n	separation of compound word by inserting other word(s)	AHD/W7
	-tome	n.sfx	part, segment	AHD/W7
	tome	n	volume forming part of larger work	AHD/W7
	-tomy	n.sfx	section, incision	AHD/W7
	tonsorial	adj	re: barber	AHD/W7
	tonsure	n	rite of admission to clerical state by clipping/shaving head	AHD/W7
	tylectomy	n	surgical removal of cyst/tumor	AHD
W-Germanic
Old High German:	tempal	n.neut	temple (edifice)	ASD
German:	atom	n	atom	CDC
N-Germanic
Danish:	atom	n	atom	CDC
Swedish:	atom	n	atom	CDC
Italic
Latin:	atomus	n.fem	atom, indivisible unit	W7
	contemplatus	vb.ptc	stared at	W7
	contemplor, contemplari	vb.dep	to stare at	W7
	epitome	n.fem	abridgement	W7
	templum	n.neut	temple: space for observation of auguries	W7
	tempus	n.neut	time	W7
	tomus	n.masc	tome, section, roll of papyrus	W7
	tondeo, tondere	vb	to shear	W7
	tonsorius	n.masc	instrument for clipping	W7
	tonsura	n.fem	act of shearing	W7
	tonsus	vb.ptc	shaven	W7
Late Latin:	anatomia	n.fem	dissection	W7
	tmesis	n.fem	act of cutting; separation of verb from particle	W7
Medieval Latin:	tonsura	n.fem	shaven spot on priest's head	W7
New Latin:	-tomia	sfx	-tomy, cutting	W7
Portuguese:	atomo	n	atom	CDC
Spanish:	átomo	n	atom	CDC
Old French:	temple	n.masc	temple	W7
Middle French:	tome	n.masc	volume, section of book	W7
French:	atome	n	atom	CDC
Italian:	atomo	n	atom	CDC
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	támnô/témnô	vb	to cut, hew, fell	LRC
Greek:	ana-témnô	vb	to dissect	LRC
	ana-tome	n.fem	dissection	W7
	á-tomos	adj	atomic, indivisible	CDC
	á-tomos	n	atom	CDC
	dia-témnô	vb	to cut through	LRC
	dia-tomos	adj	cut in half	W7
	dicho-tomia	n.fem	dichotomy	W7
	epi-témnô	vb	to cut short	LRC
	epi-tome	n.fem	epitome	W7
	tendein	vb	to gnaw	W7
	tmêsis	n.fem	section, cutting; separation of verb from particle	LRC
	tómos	n.masc	cut, slice; tome, section	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
dep	=	deponent
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pfx	=	prefix
ptc	=	participle
sfx	=	suffix
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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