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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: uerdh-, uredh- 'to grow; high'

Semantic Fields: to Grow; High

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
English:	anorthite	n	reddish/whitish feldspar (in igneous rocks)	AHD/W7
	orth(o)-	pfx	straight, upright, vertical	W7
	orthodox	adj	conforming to official doctrine	AHD/W7
	orthogonal	adj	mutually perpendicular	AHD/W7
	orthopedics	n	correction/prevention of skeletal deformities	AHD/W7
	orthotics	n	science re: devices to support/supplement limbs/joints	AHD
Italic
Latin:	orthogonius	adj	orthogonal, with straigth angles	W7
Late Latin:	orthodoxus	adj	orthodox, following strict beliefs	W7
New Latin:	orthosis	n	brace, artificial support	AHD
Middle French:	orthodoxe	adj	orthodox	W7
	orthogonal	adj	orthogonal, with straight angles	W7
French:	anorthite	n.fem	anorthite	W7
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	roditi, rozdo, rodisi	vb	to bear, produce	LRC
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	orthós	adj	right, straight, erect, upright	LS
	orthóô	vb	to rise/raise up straight	LRC
Greek:	orthogonios	adj	orthogonal, with straight angles	W7
	orthótês	n.fem	erectness, upright posture	LS
	orthóô	vb	to make straight	LS
Late Greek:	orthodoxos	adj	orthodox, with a right opinion	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
pfx	=	prefix
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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