The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Jonathan Slocum, Interim Director :: PCL 5.112, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

Pokorny Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: ā̆ier- 'day(light), morning'

Semantic Fields: Day; Light; Morning

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	ǣr	adv	ere, before, formerly	LRC
	ǣrest	adj.adv	earliest, soonest	W7
	ǣrlīce	adv	early	W7/ASD
	ār	adv	early, soon	W7
Middle English:	er	adj/adv/prep	ere, before	W7
	erest	adj/adv	earliest, formerly	W7
	erly	adj/adv	early	W7
	or	adv/prep/conj	early; before	W7
English:	early	adv	early	AHD/W7
	ere	prep	(archaic) ere, before	AHD/W7
	erst	adv	(archaic) first	AHD/W7
	or	prep	(archaic) early; before	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	ēr	adv	earlier	W7
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	ár	adv	early; long ago	LRC
E-Germanic
Gothic:	áir	adv	soon, early	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	ēri	adv	early	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
conj	=	conjunction
prep	=	preposition

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)