The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

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Indo-European Lexicon

Pokorny Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: ai̯os- 'metal (copper, bronze, iron)'

Semantic Fields: Copper, Bronze; Iron

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	ǣr	n.str.neut	ore	GED
	ǣren	adj	of bronze	GED
	ār	n.str.neut	ore	GED
English:	era	n	age, (long) period of time	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	ēr	n.str.neut	ore	GED
	ērin	adj	of bronze	GED
Old Saxon:	ēr	n.str.neut	ore	GED
	ērin	adj	of bronze	GED
N-Germanic
Old Icelandic:	eir	n.str.neut	copper	GED
E-Germanic
Gothic:	aiz	n.neut	money, metal coin	GED
Italic
Oscan:	eisernim	n	ore pit	GED
Umbrian:	ahesnes	adj.dat.pl	of bronze	GED
Latin:	aēnus	adj	of bronze	GED
	aera	n.neut.pl	counters of money-dealers	W7
	aes, aeris	n.neut	ore, metal, copper, money	LRC
Iranian
Avestan:	ayah-	n	metal, iron	GED
Indic
Sanskrit:	áyas-	n	metal, iron	GED

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
dat	=	dative (case)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pl	=	plural (number)
str	=	strong (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)