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Indo-European Lexicon

Pokorny Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: ak^u̯ā- 'river, water'

Semantic Fields: River, Stream, Brook; Water

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	ab	n	river	LRC
English
Old English:	ēagor-strēam	n.masc	sea-stream, current	LRC
	īg	n	island	W7
	īgeoþ	n	island	W7
Middle English:	ait	n	ait	W7
	ewer	n	ewer	W7
	sewer	n	sewer	W7
English:	ait	n	small island	AHD/W7
	aquamarine	n	a certain green or blue gem	AHD/W7
	aquarelle	n	water-colour	AHD/W7
	aquarium	n	tank for aquatic creatures	AHD/W7
	aquavit	n	a Scandinavian liquor	AHD/W7
	ewer	n	water-pitcher	AHD/W7
	gouache	n	gouache (type of paint)	AHD/W7
	sewer	n	waste-water conduit	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	aha	n	river	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	ey	n.fem	island	LRC
	eybarmr	n.masc	island surface	LRC
	eyjarskeggi	n.masc	island inhabitant	LRC
Norwegian:	akvavit	n	a Scandinavian liquor	W7
Swedish:	aquavit	n	a Scandinavian liquor	W7
E-Germanic
Gothic:	aƕa	n	river	LRC
Italic
Latin:	acquarius	adj	of water	W7
	aqua	n.fem	water	W7
	aquarium	n.neut	aquarium	W7
	aquarius	adj	of water	W7
	aquatio	n.fem	act of fetching water	W7
	aquatus	vb.ptc	watered	W7
	aquor, aquari	vb	to fetch water	W7
	Oceanus, Oceani	n.masc	ocean	LRC
Vulgar Latin:	aquarium	n.neut	ewer	W7
	exaquo, exaquāre	vb	to drain	W7
Italian:	acqua	n.fem	water	W7
	acquarella	n.fem	water-color	W7
	acquarello	n.masc	water-color	W7/CID
	acquerèllo	n.masc	water-color	W7/CID
Old French:	evier	n.masc	ewer, sewer, sink	W7
Anglo-French:	ewer	n.masc	ewer, pitcher	W7
Middle French:	essewer	vb	to drain	W7
	esseweur	n.masc	sewer	W7
	seweur	n.masc	sewer	W7
French:	aquarelle	n.fem	water-color	W7
	gouache	n.fem	gouache	W7
Baltic
Old Prussian:	ape	n	river	LRC
Lithuanian:	ùpẹ	n	river	LRC
Anatolian
Hittite:	ak(k)-/ek(k)-	n	drink	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	ā́pas	n	waters	LRC
Tocharian
Tocharian A:	yok	n	drink	LRC
Tocharian B:	yok	n	drink	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
ptc	=	participle
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
CID	=	Cassell's Italian Dictionary (1958)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)