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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: au̯ei-, əu̯ei-? 'bird, avifauna'

Semantic Field: Bird

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	bustard	n	bustard	W7
English:	auspice	n	augury observation	AHD/W7
	avian	adj	re: birds	AHD/W7
	aviary	n	place for confining birds	AHD/W7
	aviation	n	heavier-than-air aircraft operation	AHD/W7
	aviculture	n	rearing/care of captive birds	AHD/W7
	avifauna	n	flying animal(s)	AHD/W7
	bustard	n	family of Australian/Old World game birds	AHD/W7
	ocarina	n	small wind instrument	AHD/W7
	osprey	n	fish-eating hawk	AHD
W-Germanic
German:	Okarina	n.fem	ocarina	LRC
Italic
Latin:	auspex	n	leader, protector, bird augur	AHD
	auspicium	n.neut	auspice, divination by bird flight	W7
	aviarium	n.neut	aviary, bird cage	W7
	avis, avis	n.fem	bird	LRC
	aviscultura	n	aviculture	CDC
	avisfauna	n	avifauna	CDC
Late Latin:	auca	n.fem	bird	W7
New Latin:	avifauna	n.fem	avifauna, flying animals	W7
Middle French:	bistarde	n.fem	bustard	W7
French:	auspice	n	auspice	CDC
	aviation	n.fem	aviation	W7
	oiseau	n	bird	TLL
Old Italian:	bistarda	n.fem	bustard	W7
Italian:	òca	n.fem	goose	W7
	ocarina	n.fem	ocarina	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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