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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: bhendh- 'to tie, bind'

Semantic Field: to Bind

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	bann	n	bond, hinge, law	RPN
English
Old English:	bend/bænd	n	band: fetter	W7/ASD
	bendan	vb.wk	to bind; bend, stretch	RPN
	bindan, bond, bundon, bunden	vb.str.III	to bind, tie	LRC
	bund	n	bundle	RPN
	byndel	n	bundle	W7
	gebind	n.neut	band, binding, fastening	LRC
	wudubinde	n	woodbine	W7
Middle English:	band	n	band: bond	W7
	bande	n	band: strip	W7
	bend	n	bend	W7
	benden	vb	to bend	LRC
	binden	vb	to bind	W7
	bond	n	bond	W7
	bundel	n	bundle	W7
	riban	n	ribbon	W7
	wodebinde	n	woodbine	W7
English:	band	n	strip, belt, cord	AHD/W7
	band	n	bond allowing some movement	AHD/W7
	bandanna	n	large figured handkerchief	AHD/W7
	bend, bent	vb.wk	to flex, curve, strain to tension	W7
	bend	n	diagonal band	AHD/W7
	bind, bound	vb.str	to secure by tying	AHD/W7
	bindlestiff	n	tramp with bundled possessions	AHD
	bond	n	fetter, thing that binds/restrains	AHD/W7
	bund	n	embankment used to control water flow	AHD/W7
	bund	n	political association	AHD/W7
	bundle	n	items fastened together for handling convenience	AHD/W7
	cummerbund	n	broad sash worn as waistband	AHD/W7
	ribbon	n	narrow flat/tubular woven fabric for trimming/knitting	AHD/W7
	woodbine	n	honeysuckle	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	band	n	band	CDC
	bende	n	bend, bond	CDC
	binda	vb	to bind, tie	ASD
Frisian:	bynnen	vb	to bind, tie	ASD
Old Dutch:	bende	n	bend, bond	CDC
Dutch:	band	n	band	CDC
	bind	n.neut	joint, crossbeam	CDC
	binden	vb	to bind, tie	ASD
Old Saxon:	band	n	band	CDC
	bendi	n	bend, bond	CDC
	bindan	vb	to bind, tie	ASD
Old High German:	bant	n	band	W7
	binda/binta	n	bend, tie, fillet, cravat	RPN
	bintan	vb	to bind	RPN
Middle High German:	bant	n	band	CDC
	binde	n	bend, tie, fillet, cravat	CDC
	binden/benden	vb	to bind, tie, fetter	ASD
	bunt	n	band: cord; league, coalition	W7
German:	Band	n.neut	band	CDC
	Binde	n.fem	band, tie, fillet, cravat	CDC
	binden	vb	to bind, tie	ASD
	Bund	n.masc	band: cord; league, coalition	W7
	Bündel	n.masc	bundle	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	band	n	band: cord; coaltion	W7
Old Icelandic:	benda	n	band, tie	RPN
	benda	vb	to bend	RPN
	bendi	n	band: cord	RPN
	binda	vb	to bind, tie, fasten	RPN
Icelandic:	band	n	band	CDC
	benda	vb	to bend	CDC
	binda	vb	to bind	CDC
Danish:	baand	n	band, tie	CDC
	bind	n.neut	band, tie	CDC
	binde	vb	to bind, tie	ASD
	bænde	vb	to bend	CDC
Swedish:	band	n	band	CDC
	binda	vb	to bind, tie	ASD
	bända	vb	to bend	CDC
E-Germanic
Gothic:	bandi	n	band: bond	RPN
	bindan	vb	to bind	RPN
	ga-binda/ga-bindi	n	band, tie	ASD
Italic
Middle Latin:	benda/binda	n	bend	CDC
Portuguese:	banda	n	band: strip	CDC
	bandanna	n	bandanna	AHD
	venda	n	bend	CDC
	vender	vb	to bind; hoodwink	CDC
Spanish:	banda	n.fem	band: strip	CDC
	venda	n	bend	CDC
	vender	vb	to bind; hoodwink	CDC
Old French:	bande	n	band: strip	CDC
	bende	n	bend	CDC
	bender	vb	to bend, bind, tie	CDC
Middle French:	bande	n.fem	band: strip; troop	W7
	riban	n.masc	ribbon	W7
	ruban	n.masc	ribbon	W7
French:	bande	n	band: strip	CDC
	bander	vb	to bend, bind, tie	CDC
Old Occitan:	benda	n	bend	CDC
	bendar	vb	to bind; hoodwink	CDC
Italian:	banda	n	band: strip	CDC
	benda	n	bend	CDC
	bendare	vb	to bind; hoodwink	CDC
Baltic
Lithuanian:	beñdras	n.masc	friend, participant	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	πει̃σμα	n.neut	rope, cable	LRC
	φάτνη	n.fem	manger	LRC
Iranian
Persian:	band	n	band: bond	W7
	kamarband	n	sash	W7
Avestan:	bandayaiti	vb	to bind	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	baddhá-ḥ	adj	bound, tied, fastened	RPN
	badhnā́ti	vb	to bind	LRC
	bandhá-ḥ	n	bond, knot, chain	RPN
	bandhayati	vb	to cause to bind	RPN
	bándhu-ḥ	n	connection, relation	RPN
	bandhura-ḥ	adj	bent, curved	RPN
	bandhnāti	vb	to bind, tie, fasten	RPN
Hindi:	kamarband	n	sash	W7
	band	n	embankement along river	W7
	bā̃dhnā	vb	to tie	W7
	bā̃dhnū	n	dyeing cloth tied in knots	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
III	=	class 3
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
str	=	strong (inflection)
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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