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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: bheng̑h-, bhn̥g̑h-, adj. bhn̥g̑hú-s 'fat, thick, dense'

Semantic Fields: Thick (in Dimension); Thick (in Density)

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
English:	bahuvrihi	n	nominal compound with non-compositional meaning	AHD
	pachycephalosaur	n	herbivorous dinosaur with thick domed skull	AHD
	pachyderm	n	nonruminant hoofed mammal with thick skin	AHD/W7
	pachysandra	n	evergreen woody trailing plant, used as ground cover	AHD/W7
	pachytene	n	3rd stage of prophase of meiosis	AHD
W-Germanic
Old High German:	bungo	n	clod, lump	RPN
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	bingr	n	heap	W7
Old Icelandic:	bunki	n	heap, pile	RPN
Italic
New Latin:	pachysandra	n.fem	genus of evergreen plants	W7
French:	pachyderme	n.masc	thick-skinned animal, elephant	W7
Baltic
Latvian:	bieza	adj	thick	LRC
	bìezs	adj	thick	RPN
Hellenic
Greek:	pachydermos	adj	thick-skinned	W7
	παχύς	adj	thick, fat, massive	RPN
	pachys	adj	thick	W7
	παχύτης	n.fem	thickness	LRC
Anatolian
Hittite:	pa-an-ku-uš	pron	all, whole	RPN
Indic
Sanskrit:	baṁhate	vb	to grow, to increase	RPN
	bahú-ḥ	adj	much, great, large	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
pron	=	pronoun
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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