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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: bhleu-(k-) 'to burn'

Semantic Field: to Burn, Scorch

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	bǣl	n.neut	flame, funeral pyre	W7/ASD
	blȳsa/blisa	n.wk.masc	flame, torch	W7/ASD
	blyscan/bliscan	vb	to blush	W7/CDC
	*blysian	vb	to blush	CDC
Middle English:	blus(s)hen/blyschen	vb	to blush	W7/CDC
English:	blush	n	look, glance, glimpse; reddening of face	OED
	blush	vb.intrans	to glow, redden (e.g. in face)	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Middle Dutch:	blosen	vb	to blush	CDC
Dutch:	blozen	vb	to blush	CDC
Middle Low German:	blos(ch)en	vb	to blush	CDC
	blus	n	flame	CDC
Low German:	bleusteren	vb	to glow, inflame, become red	OED
	blüse	n	flame	CDC
	blüsen	vb	to set on fire	CDC
	blüsken	vb	to blush	CDC
Old High German:	bluhhen	vb	to burn brightly	W7
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	bāl	n.neut	flame, funeral pyre	ASD
	blys	n.neut	torch, flame, blaze	OED
Danish:	blus	n	torch	CDC
	blusse	vb	to blaze, blush	CDC
Swedish:	bloss	n	torch	CDC
	blossa	vb	to blaze	CDC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
intrans	=	intransitive
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
OED	=	James A.H. Murray et al: The Oxford English Dictionary (1933)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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