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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 1. del- 'to tell, count, calculate'

Semantic Field: Account, Reckoning

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	getæl	adj	quick, ready	W7
	talu	n	tale	W7
	tellan	vb.wk	to tell	W7/ASD
Middle English:	tale	n	tale	W7
	talken	vb	to talk	W7
	tall	adj	tall	W7
	tellen	vb	to tell	W7
English:	dolerite	n	coarse basalts	AHD/W7
	sedulous	adj	assiduous, diligent in pursuit/application	AHD/W7
	tale	n	talk, discourse	AHD/W7
	talk	vb	to utter, express/deliver in speech	AHD/W7
	tall	adj	brave/courageous	AHD/W7
	tell, told	vb	to count, tally, enumerate	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	tale	n.fem	tale, (legal) case	ASD
	tella	vb	to tell, state, recount, narrate	ASD
Dutch:	tellen	vb	to tell	TLL
Old Saxon:	gēr-tala	n.fem	tale, talk, story, account	ASD
	tellian	vb	to tell, state, recount, narrate	ASD
Old High German:	gizal	adj	quick	W7
	zala	n.fem	number, series, computation, enumeration	ASD
	zellen	vb	to tell, count	W7
German:	erzälen	vb	to tell: relate	LRC
	zählen	vb	to tell: count	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	tal	n.neut	list, enumeration; conversation	LRC
	tala(ð)	vb	to talk, speak; (recip.) discuss, converse	LRC
	telja/talða	vb	to tell, reckon; trace; recount; declare	LRC
Icelandic:	tala	n.fem	tale, talk, number	ASD
	telja	vb	to tell, state, recount, narrate	ASD
Italic
Latin:	dolus	n.masc	guile, deceit	W7
	sedulō	adv	sincerely, diligently	W7
	sedulus	adj	sincere, diligent	W7
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	δόλιος	adj	deceitful, deceiving	LRC
	δόλος	n.masc	bait, trick, deceit	LRC
Greek:	doleros	adj	deceitful	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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