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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: demə-, domə-, d_omə- 'to tame'

Semantic Field: Animal

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	damnain	vb	to tie up	LRC
Middle Irish:	damnaim	vb	to tame	GED
Gaulish:	dāma/damma	n	deer	GED
English
Old English:	dā	n.fem	(female) deer	GED
	tam	adj	tame	GED
	temmian	vb.wk	to tame	GED
Middle English:	adamant	n	adamant	W7
	daunten	vb	to daunt	W7
	diamaunde	n	diamond	W7
	tame	adj	tame	W7
English:	adamant	n	stone believed to be impenetrably hard	AHD/W7
	daunt	vb.trans	to intimidate, lessen courage	AHD/W7
	diamond	n	crystalline carbon: hardest known substance	AHD/W7
	doe	n	(female) deer	GED
	indomitable	adj	unconquerable, incapable of being subdued	AHD/W7
	tame	adj	domesticated, reduced from native state of wildness	AHD/W7
	tame	vb	to subdue, train for the household	GED
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	tam	adj	tame	GED
	tema	vb.wk	to tame	GED
Middle Low German:	tam	adj	tame	GED
	temmen	vb.wk	to tame	GED
Old High German:	zam	adj	tame	GED
	zemman/zamōn	vb.wk	to tame	GED
	zemmen	vb	to tame	LRC
German:	Diamant	n.masc	diamond	LRC
	zahm	adj	tame	LRC
	zähmen	vb	to tame	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Icelandic:	tamr	adj	tame	GED
	temja	vb.wk	to tame	GED
Icelandic:	temja	vb	to tame	ASD
Danish:	daa	n	doe	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	ga-tamjan	vb.wk.I	to tame	GED
Italic
Latin:	adamas, adamantis	n.masc	hardest metal, diamond	W7
	domitō, domitāre, domitāvī, domitātus	vb.freq	to tame, break in	W7
	domō, domāre, domuī, domitus	vb	to tame, tie up, domesticate	GED
Late Latin:	diamas, diamantis	n.masc	diamond	W7
	indomitabilis	adj	indomitable	W7
Old French:	adamant	n.masc	hardest metal, diamond	W7
	danter/donter	vb	to tame	W7
Middle French:	diamant	n.masc	diamond	W7
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	δαμνάω	vb	to tame	LRC
	δάμνημι	vb	to tame	GED
Greek:	δαμάλης	n	young steer	GED
	δάμαλις	n	heifer	GED
	*δᾰμάω	vb	to tame	GED
	δμώς	n	slave	GED
Anatolian
Hittite:	damas-	vb	to push, press	GED
Iranian
New Persian:	dām	n	tamed animal	GED
Ossetic:	domun	vb	to tame	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	damáyati	vb	to subdue	GED
	dámas	n	act of taming	GED
	dāmyáti	vb	to tame, tie up	GED

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
I	=	class 1
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
freq	=	frequentative (aspect)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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