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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: ēg̑-, ōg̑-, əg̑- 'to say, speak'

Semantic Fields: to Say; to Speak, Talk

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
English:	adage	n	(metaphorical) saying embodying common observation	AHD/W7
	prodigy	n	omen, portent, portentous event	AHD/W7
Italic
Latin:	adagium	n.neut	adage, proverb	W7
	-agium	n.sfx	I say	W7
	āio	vb.defc	to affirm, say yes	W7/CLD
	prodigium	n.neut	prodigy; monster	W7
Old French:	adage	n	adage, proverb	AHD
Middle French:	adage	n.masc	adage, proverb	W7
French:	adage	n.masc	adage, proverb	AHD
Hellenic
Greek:	ē	vb.3.sg.pret	he spoke	W7
Armenian
Classical Armenian:	asem	vb	to say	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
3	=	3rd person
defc	=	defective
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pret	=	preterite (tense)
sfx	=	suffix
sg	=	singular (number)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
CLD	=	Cassell's Latin Dictionary (1959, rev. 1968)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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