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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: gāu- 'to rejoice, be glad'

Semantic Field: Glad, Joyful

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	gaude	n	gaud	W7
	joy	n	joy	W7
	rejoicen	vb	to rejoice	W7
English:	enjoy	vb.trans	to take pleasure/satisfaction in	AHD/W7
	ganoid	adj	re: teleost fishes (e.g. sturgeons)	AHD/W7
	gaud	n	trinket, ornament	AHD/W7
	gaudy	n	feast, entertainment	AHD/W7
	joy	n	delight, emotion evoked by success/well-being/good fortune	AHD/W7
	rejoice	vb	to gladden, give joy	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
German:	Gaudi	n.fem	gaudy, jamboree	LRC
Italic
Latin:	gaudeo, gaudēre	vb	to rejoice	W7
	gaudium	n.neut	joy	W7
Old French:	enjoir	vb	to enjoy	W7
	gaudir	vb	to rejoice	ODE
	joie	n.fem	joy	W7
	joir	vb	to enjoy	W7
Middle French:	enjoir	vb	to enjoy	W7
	joir	vb	to rejoice	W7
	rejoir, rejoiss-	vb	to rejoice	W7
Hellenic
Doric:	γᾱθέω	vb	to rejoice	IEW
Homeric Greek:	γανάω	vb	to shine, be bright	IEW
	γάνυμαι	vb	to rejoice, be glad	LRC
Greek:	γάνος	n.neut	gleam, luster, brightness	W7
	γηθέω	vb	to rejoice	IEW

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
ODE	=	C.T. Onions: The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (1966)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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