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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: glōgh- : gləgh- 'barb, spike'

Semantic Fields: Sharp; Branch

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	glose	n	gloss	W7
English:	bugloss	n	rough-haired herb in genus Anchusa	AHD/W7
	diglossia	n	language division: prestigious vs. colloquial	AHD
	glochidium	n	barbed hair/spine (e.g. on cactus)	AHD/W7
	gloss	n	brief explanation of obscure/difficult word/expression	AHD/W7
	glossa	n	tongue/lingual structure in insect	AHD/W7
	glossary	n	textual gloss collection	AHD/W7
	glossolalia	n	fabricated nonmeaningful speech	AHD
	glottis	n	elongated space between vocal folds	AHD/W7
	isogloss	n	boundary between places/regions differing in some linguistic feature	AHD/W7
	polyglot	adj	re: speaking several languages	AHD/W7
	polyglot	n	one who speaks several languages	AHD/W7
	proglottid	n	bisexual segment of tapeworm	AHD
Italic
Latin:	glossa	n.fem	unusual word requiring explanation	W7
New Latin:	glochidium	n.neut	mussel larva	W7
	glossa	n.fem	glossa	W7
Old French:	glose	n.fem	explanation of difficult word	W7
Middle French:	buglosse	n.fem	bugloss	W7
Hellenic
Attic:	γλω̃ττα	n.fem	tongue; language	LRC
Greek:	γλω̃σσα	n.fem	tongue; language	LRC
	glōttis	n.fem	glottis	W7
	glōchis	n.fem	projecting point	W7
	polyglōttos	adj	polyglot	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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