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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 5. g̑her-, g̑hor-nā 'bowels'

Semantic Field: Belly, Stomach

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	ge(a)rn	n.neut	yarn	RPN/ASD
Middle English:	accord	n	chord	W7
	cord	n	cord	W7
	yarn	n	yarn	W7
English:	chord	n	tones blending harmoniously	AHD/W7
	chorion	n	vascular outer embryonic vertebrate membrane	AHD/W7
	cord	n	several strands of string woven/twisted together	AHD/W7
	cordon	n	ornamental cord used on costumes	AHD/W7
	harpsichord	n	keyboard instrument that produces sound by plucking wire strings	AHD/W7
	haruspex	n	priest performing divination via entrails inspection	AHD
	hernia	n	rupture, protrusion of organ through body wall	AHD
	hexachord	n	6-tone diatonic series with semitone between 3rd and 4th	AHD/W7
	tetrachord	n	4-tone diatonic series with perfect fourth between first and last	AHD/W7
	yarn	n	continuous fiber/filament used in weaving/knitting	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Dutch:	garen	n.neut	yarn, thread	ASD
Old High German:	garn	n.neut	yarn	W7/ASD
Middle High German:	garn	n.neut	yarn	ASD
German:	Garn	n.neut	yarn	ASD
N-Germanic
Old Icelandic:	garn	n	yarn	RPN
	görn	n	gut	RPN
Icelandic:	garn	n.neut	yarn	ASD
Danish:	garn	n.neut	yarn	ASD
Swedish:	garn	n.neut	yarn	ASD
Italic
Latin:	chorda	n.fem	string	W7
	harūspex	n.masc	haruspex, soothsayer who uses entrails	RPN
	hernia	n.fem	rupture	W7
	hīra	n	empty gut	RPN
New Latin:	chorion	n.neut	embryonic membrane	W7
Old French:	corde	n.fem	rope, string	W7
French:	corde	n.fem	rope	W7
	cordon	n.masc	small cord, string	W7
Italian:	arpicordo	n.masc	harpsichord	W7
	corda	n.fem	string	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	žarnà	n	gut, intestine	RPN
Hellenic
Greek:	χορδή	n.fem	gut-string	RPN
	chordos	adj	of strings	W7
Indic
Sanskrit:	híra-ḥ	n	band, strip, fillet	RPN
	hirā́	n	vein, artery	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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