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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: g̑hu̯ē̆r- 'wild animal'

Semantic Field: Animal

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	fiers	adj	fierce	W7
	triacle	n	treacle	W7
English:	baluchithere	n	hornless rhinoceros-like mammal	AHD
	chalicothere	n	extinct 3-toed ungulate mammal	AHD
	dinothere	n	extinct proboscidean mammal with downward-pointing tusks	AHD/W7
	eutherian	adj	re: placental mammals	AHD/W7
	feral	adj	savage, re: wild beast	AHD/W7
	ferine	adj	feral	AHD/W7
	ferocious	adj	savage, fierce	AHD/W7
	fierce	adj	violently hostile/aggressive in temperament	AHD/W7
	indricothere	n	extinct hornless rhinoceros	AHD
	megathere	n	extinct ground sloth	AHD/W7
	theropod	n	large carnivorous saurischian dinosaur	AHD
	treacle	n	medicinal compound formerly used as poison remedy	AHD/W7
Italic
Latin:	fera	n.fem	wild animal	W7
	ferinus	adj	ferine, re: wild animal	W7
	ferox, ferocis	adj	fierce, ferocious	W7
	ferus	adj	feral	W7
	theriaca	n.fem	antidote against poisonous bite	W7
Medieval Latin:	feralis	adj	feral	W7
New Latin:	Deinotherium	n.neut	(genus name)	W7
	Megatherium	n.neut	(genus name)	W7
	-therium	sfx	beast	W7
Old French:	fiers	adj	fierce	W7
Middle French:	triacle	n.masc	table syrup, poison antidote	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	žvėrìs	n.masc	beast	LRC
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	θήρ	n.masc/fem	wild animal	LRC
	θηρίον	n.neut	beast, wild animal	LS
Greek:	deinos	adj	terrible	W7
	thēriakē	n.fem	antidote against poisonous bite	W7
	thēriakos	adj	re: wild animal	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
sfx	=	suffix

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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