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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: kam-p- 'to bend'

Semantic Field: to Bend

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	jambe	n	jamb	W7
English:	campaign	n	operations toward a goal	TLL
	campus	n	(school) grounds/buildings	W7
	campylobacter	n	lit. twisted bacteria	AHD
	campylotropous	adj	re: curved ovule	AHD/W7
	champion	n	final victor	TLL
	gam	n	leg	AHD/W7
	gambado	n	horse's spring/gambol	AHD/W7
	gambado	n	horseman's legging	AHD/W7
	gambit	n	chess opening: player risks minor pieces for position	AHD/W7
	gambol	n	prank, playful skipping/leaping about	AHD/W7
	gambrel	n	device for suspending slaughtered animals	AHD/W7
	gammon	n	ham, flitch of cured bacon	AHD/W7
	jamb	n	upright piece/surface forming side of opening	AHD/W7
	scampi	n	shrimp broiled/sauteed in garlic/butter sauce	AHD
Italic
Latin:	campus, campi	n.masc	plain, campus, open field	LRC
Late Latin:	camba	n.fem	act of tripping someone	W7
	gamba	n.fem	(animal) leg	W7
Spanish:	campeón	n	champion	TLL
Old North French:	gambe	n.fem	leg	W7
	gamberel	n.masc	gambrel	W7
	gambon	n.masc	ham	W7
Middle French:	gambade	n.fem	gambado, horse's spring	W7
	jambe	n.fem	leg	W7
French:	champion	n	champion	TLL
	gambade	n.fem	gambado, horse's spring	W7
	gambe	n.fem.arch	leg	W7
Old Provençal:	camba	n.fem	leg	W7
Italian:	gamba	n.fem	(animal) leg	W7
	gambale	n.masc	boot-tree	W7
	gambetto	n.masc	kick, act of tripping	W7
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	καμπύλος	adj	bent, curved	LRC
Greek:	ἀνακάμπτω	vb	to return	LRC
	kampē	n.fem	bend	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
arch	=	archaic
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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