The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: k̑ēu̯ero-, k̑ōu̯ero-, also sk̑ūro-? 'north (wind)'

Semantic Fields: North; Wind, Breeze

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	scūr/scēor/scyur	n.masc/fem	shower	ASD
Middle English:	scuren	vb	to scour	W7
	shour	n	shower	W7
English:	scour	vb	to move about quickly (e.g. in search)	AHD/W7
	shower	n	rainfall of short duration	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Saxon:	skūr	n.masc	blows in battle	GED
Old High German:	scūr	n.str.masc	shower	GED
N-Germanic
Old Icelandic:	skūr	n.fem	shower	GED
Icelandic:	skúr	n	shower	ASD
Swedish:	skur	n	shower	TLL
	skura	vb	to rush	W7
E-Germanic
Gothic:	skura	n.fem	windstorm	GED
Italic
Latin:	caurus/cōrus	n.masc	northwest wind	GED
Baltic
Lithuanian:	šiáurė	n	north	GED
	šiaurỹa	n	north wind	GED
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	sěverъ	n	north, north wind	GED
Armenian
Armenian:	c̣urt	n	cold, shower	GED

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
str	=	strong (inflection)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next