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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: kuku (onomatopoeic: to coo, cuckoo)

Semantic Field: Sound (n)

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Middle Irish:	cūach	n	cuckoo	IEW
Welsh:	cog	n	cuckoo	IEW
English
Middle English:	cuccu	n	cuckoo	W7
English:	cuckoo	interj	(cuckoo's distinctive call)	W7
	cuckoo	n	grayish brown European bird	W7
	cuckoo	vb	to repeat monotonously (like cuckoo)	W7
W-Germanic
German:	Kuckuck	n.masc	cuckoo	IEW
Italic
Latin:	cucūlus/cucullus	n.masc	cuckoo	IEW/ELD
Hellenic
Greek:	κόκκῡ	interj	now! quick! cuckoo!	IEW/LS
	κοκκύζω	vb	to cry cuckoo	IEW/LS
	κόκκυξ	n.masc	cuckoo	IEW/LS

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
interj	=	interjection
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
ELD	=	Charlton T. Lewis: An Elementary Latin Dictionary (1999)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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