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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: k^u̯ei̯ə-, k^u̯ii̯ē- 'to rest comfortably; quiet, peaceful, tranquil'

Semantic Field: Quiet (adj)

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	hwīl	n.fem	while, time	LRC
Middle English:	aquiten	vb	to acquit	W7
	coy	adj	coy	W7
	quiet	adj/n	quiet	W7
	quit(e)	adj	quit, released	W7
	quit(t)en	vb	to quit	W7
	requiem	n	requiem	W7
	while	n	while	W7
	whiles	conj	whiles	W7
	whilom	adv	whilom	W7
English:	acquiesce	vb.intrans	to accept/comply tacitly/passively	AHD/W7
	acquit	vb.wk.trans	to pay off (e.g. claim/debt)	AHD/W7
	coy	adj	shy, bashful	AHD/W7
	quiet	adj	calm, marked by little/no motion/activity	AHD/W7
	quiet	n	tranquility	AHD/W7
	quit, quit	vb	to release, relieve, set free	AHD/W7
	quit	adj	absolved, released from charge/penalty/obligation	AHD/W7
	quitclaim	n	transfer of claim/right/title	AHD
	quite	adv	wholly, completely	AHD/W7
	quitrent	n	rent paid in lieu of required services	AHD
	requiem	n	mass for repose of departed soul(s)	AHD/W7
	requiescat	n	prayer for repose of dead person	AHD/W7
	tranquil	adj	serene, free from agitation	AHD/W7
	while	n	(period of) time	AHD/W7
	whiles	conj.arch	while	W7
	whilom	adv	formerly	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	hwīle	n	while	ASD
Old Saxon:	hwīla	n	while	ASD
Old High German:	hwīla	n	time	W7
German:	weil	conj	because	TLL
	Weile	n	while	ASD
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	hvílð	n.fem	rest, pause	LRC
Icelandic:	hvíla	n	bed; rest	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	hweila	n	while	ASD
Italic
Latin:	acquiesco, acquiescere	vb	to be silent, satisfied	W7
	quies, quietis	n.fem	rest, quiet	W7
	quiesco, quiescere, quievi, quietus	vb	to rest, be quiet	W7
	quietus	adj	quiet, at rest	W7
	requies	n.fem	rest	W7
	requiesco, requiescere	vb	to rest	W7
	tranquillus	adj	calm, tranquil	W7
Old French:	aquiter	vb	to acquit	W7
	quite	adj	free of debt, released, at rest	W7
	quitter	vb	to leave	W7
Middle French:	coi	adj	calm	W7
	quiet	adj	silent, tranquil	W7
	quit(t)er	vb	to leave	W7
French:	acquiescer	vb	to approve, acknowledge	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
arch	=	archaic
conj	=	conjunction
fem	=	feminine (gender)
intrans	=	intransitive
n	=	noun
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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