The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: k^u̯enth- 'to suffer, endure'

Semantic Field: Pain, Suffering

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
English:	allelopathy	n	plant toxin release slowing other plant growth	AHD
	apathy	n	impassiveness, lack of feeling/emotion	AHD/W7
	idiopathy	n	idiopathic disease/anomaly	AHD/W7
	naprapathy	n	treatment of disease by joint/muscle/ligament manipulation	AHD
	nepenthe	n	potion used to dull pain/sorrow	AHD/W7
	pathetic	adj	pitiable, evoking pity/sorrow/tenderness	AHD/W7
	pathos	n	(experience/artistic representation evoking) pity/compassion	AHD/W7
	-pathy	n.sfx	feeling, suffering	AHD/W7
	sympathy	n	similar effect (on another)	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
German:	-pathie	sfx	-pathy	LRC
Italic
Latin:	nepenthes	n.neut	plant that banishes pain	W7
	-pathia	sfx	bearing, suffering	W7
	sympathia	n.fem	sympathy	W7
Late Latin:	patheticus	adj	pathetic, able to feel	W7
Middle French:	pathétique	adj	derisory, melodramatic	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	kančià	n.fem	agony, suffering	LRC
	kesti	vb	to suffer	W7/LD
	kėsti, kẽčia, kėtė	vb	to reach	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	apatheia	adj	apathy	W7
	apathēs	adj	without feeling	W7
	idiopatheia	adj	idiopathy, particular affection	W7
	nēpenthes	n.neut	plant that banishes pain	W7
	nēpenthēs	adj	banishing pain and sorrow	W7
	-patheia	sfx	suffering, affection	W7
	-pathēs	sfx	suffering	W7
	pathētikos	adj	pathetic, capable of feeling	W7
	pathos	n.neut	suffering, experience	W7
	πάσχω	vb	to suffer, experience	LRC
	πενθέω	vb	to mourn, lament, bewail	LRC
	penthos	n.neut	grief, sorrow	W7
	sympatheia	n.fem	sympathy	W7
	sympathēs	adj	sympathetic, having common feelings	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
sfx	=	suffix
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LD	=	Bronius Piesarskas and Bronius Svecevicius: Lithuanian Dictionary (1994)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next