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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 2. lendh- 'hip, loins; kidney'

Semantic Fields: Leg; Belly, Stomach

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	lendenu	n.pl	loins	W7
Middle English:	loyne	n	loin	W7
	surloin	n	sirloin	AHD/W7
English:	loin	n	biped/quadruped body part near spinal column between hipbone and false ribs	AHD/W7
	lumbago	n	muscular rheumatism in lumbar region	AHD/W7
	lumbar	adj	re: loins/vertebrae between sacrum/thoracic vertebrae	AHD/W7
	sirloin	n	cut of meat from hindquarter in front of round	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Low German:	lenda	n.fem	loins	ASD
Old High German:	lenti	n.fem	loins	ASD
German:	Lende	n.fem	loins	ASD
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	lend	n.fem	loins	ASD
Italic
Latin:	longe	adv	far, by far	W7
	lumbus	n.masc	lower back	W7
Vulgar Latin:	lumbea	n.neut.pl	loins, (lower) back	W7
New Latin:	lumbaris	adj	lumbar	W7
Middle French:	loigne	adv	far away	W7
	surlonge	n.fem	sirloin	W7
Slavic
Old Slavic:	lędvĭję	n	loin	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pl	=	plural (number)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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