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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 1. leugh- 'to lie, belie, prevaricate'

Semantic Fields: Lie, Falsehood; Deceit

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	belēogan	vb	to belie, deceive with lies	AHD
	lēogan, lēah, lugon, lēogen	vb.str	to lie	W7/ASD
	-loga	sfx	-lock	W7
	wǣrloga	n	one who breaks faith	W7
Middle English:	belien	vb	to belie	AHD
	lien	vb	to lie	W7
	warloghe	n	warlock	W7
English:	belie	vb	to tell lies, give false impression	AHD/W7
	lie	vb.wk	to prevaricate, make untrue statement	AHD/W7
	warlock	n	sorcerer, one using black magic	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	liaga	vb	to lie	ASD
Old Saxon:	liogan	vb	to lie	ASD
Old High German:	liogan/liugan	vb	to lie	W7/ASD
German:	leugnen	vb	to deny	LRC
	lügen	vb	to lie	ASD
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	ljúga	vb	to lie	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	liugan	vb	to lie	ASD
Baltic
Latvian:	pielūgt, pielūdzu, pielūdzu	vb	to worship	LRC
Slavic
Old Slavic:	lŭgati	vb	to lie	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
n	=	noun
sfx	=	suffix
str	=	strong (inflection)
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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