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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 1. me- 'me (1st pers. sg. oblique pronoun stem)'

Semantic Field: Human Being

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	me-sse	pron.1.sg	me	GED
	mē	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
Scots Gaelic:	mi	pron.1.sg.nom/acc/dat	I, me	TLL
Welsh:	mi	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
English
Old English:	mē	pron.1.sg.dat/acc	(to) me	W7
	mec/mic	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
	mīn	pron.1.sg.gen/adj.poss	my	W7
Middle English:	madam(e)	n	madam	W7/AHD
	me	pron.1.sg	(to) me	W7
	my	pron.1.sg.gen	my	W7
English:	Madam	prop.n	My Lady [title for married woman]	AHD
	madam	n	lady	AHD/W7
	mavourneen/mavournin	n	my darling	AHD
	me	pron.1.sg.obj	self [as (in)direct object]	AHD/W7
	mine	pron.1.sg.gen.pred	re: self [as possessor]	AHD/W7
	my	pron.1.sg.gen.attr	re: self [as possessor]	AHD/W7
	mynheer	n	Dutchman [title for gentleman]	AHD/W7
	myself	pron.1.sg.refl	self [emphasized]	AHD
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	me	pron.1.sg.dat	(to) me	ASD
	mi	pron.1.sg.acc	me	ASD
	mīn	pron.1.sg.gen/adj.poss	my	ASD
Dutch:	mij	pron.1.sg.dat/acc	(to) me
	mijn	pron.1.sg	my	W7
	mijnheer	n	my lord/master	W7
Old Saxon:	mi	pron.1.sg.dat/acc	(to) me	ASD
	mik	pron.1.sg	me	GED
	mīn	pron.1.sg.gen/adj.poss	my	ASD
Old High German:	mih	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED/ASD
	mīn	pron.1.sg.gen/adj.poss	my	ASD
	mir	pron.1.sg.dat	(to) me	ASD
German:	mein	pron.1.sg.gen	my	LRC
	mich	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
	mir	pron.1.sg.dat	(to) me	GED
N-Germanic
Runic:	mez	pron.1.sg.dat	me	GED
	m(i)k	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
Old Icelandic:	mek/mik	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
	mēr	pron.1.sg.dat	(to) me	GED
Icelandic:	mér	pron.1.sg.dat	(to) me	ASD
	mik	pron.1.sg.acc	me	ASD
	mīn	pron.1.sg.gen	my	ASD
	mīnn	adj.poss	my	ASD
Danish:	mig	pron.1.sg.dat/acc	(to) me	TLL
	min	pron.1.sg.gen	my	TLL
Swedish:	mej	pron.1.sg.dat/acc.colq	(to) me	TLL
	mig	pron.1.sg.dat/acc	(to) me	TLL
	min	pron.1.sg.gen	my	TLL
E-Germanic
Gothic:	meina	pron.1.sg.gen	my	ASD
	meins	adj.poss	my, mine	LRC
	mik	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
Italic
Umbrian:	mehe	pron.1.sg.dat	(to) me	GED
Old Latin:	mēd	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
	mei	pron.1.sg.dat	(to) me	GED
Latin:	mē	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
	meus, mea, meum	pron.1.sg.gen/adj.poss	my	LRC
	mihi, mī	pron.1.sg.dat	(to) me	GED
French:	madame	n.fem	madam	AHD
	mademoiselle	n.fem	girl, lit. my young lady	AHD
	monsieur	n.masc	mister, gentleman, lit. my sir	AHD
American French:	Madame	prop.n.fem	Madam [title for married woman]	AHD
	Mademoiselle	prop.n.fem	Miss, My Young Lady [title for girl/unmarried woman]	AHD
	Monsieur	prop.n.masc	Mister, My Sir [title for gentleman]	AHD
Italian:	me	pron.1.sg.acc/dat	me
Baltic
Lithuanian:	-m	enc.1.sg.acc	me	GED
	manè	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
	-mi	enc.1.sg.dat	(to) me	GED
Latvian:	mani	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
	mans	pron.1.sg.gen	my	LRC
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	mi	pron.1.sg.dat	(to) me	GED
	moi	pron.1.sg.gen	my	LRC
	mę	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
Russian:	menya	pron.1.sg.acc	me	TLL
	mne	pron.1.sg.dat	(to) me	TLL
Albanian
Albanian:	im	pron.1.sg.gen	my	IEW
	mua	pron.1.sg	me	GED
	mue	pron.1.sg	me	GED
Hellenic
Greek:	ἐμέ, ἐμέγε	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
	ἐμοί	pron.1.sg.dat	(to) me	GED
	με	enc.1.sg.acc	me	GED
	μοι	enc.1.sg.dat	(to) me	GED
Anatolian
Lycian:	amu	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
Hittite:	ammuk	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
	-mu	enc.1.sg.acc	me	GED
Iranian
Old Persian:	mām	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
Avestan:	mā	enc.1.sg.acc	me	GED
	maibyā	pron.1.sg.dat	(to) me	GED
Indic
Sanskrit:	máhyam	pron.1.sg.dat	(to) me	GED
	mā	enc.pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
	mām	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
Tocharian
Tocharian B:	-ñ	enc.1.sg.acc	me	GED
	ñä-ś	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED
Tocharian A:	-ñi	enc.1.sg.dat	(to) me	GED
	ñuk	pron.1.sg.acc	me	GED

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
1	=	1st person
acc	=	accusative (case)
adj	=	adjective
attr	=	attributive
colq	=	colloquial
dat	=	dative (case)
enc	=	enclitic
fem	=	feminine (gender)
gen	=	genitive (case)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
nom	=	nominative (case)
obj	=	objective (case)
poss	=	possessive (case)
pred	=	predicative
pron	=	pronoun
prop	=	proper
refl	=	reflexive
sg	=	singular (number)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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