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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 1. neu- 'to call, praise'

Semantic Fields: to Call, Summon; Praise (n)

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	announcen	vb	to announce	W7
	denouncen	vb	to denounce	W7
	pronouncen	vb	to pronounce	W7
	renouncen	vb	to renounce	W7
English:	announce	vb	to proclaim, make known publicly	AHD/W7
	denounce	vb.trans	to declare, announce	AHD/OED
	enunciate	vb	to make definite/systematic statement	AHD/W7
	internuncio	n	go-between, messenger between two parties	AHD/W7
	nuncio	n	papal ambassador	AHD/W7
	pronounce	vb	to utter officially/ceremoniously	AHD/W7
	renounce	vb	to refuse/resign/give up by formal declaration	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
German:	annoncieren	vb	to announce	TLL
	denunzieren	vb	to denounce	LRC
N-Germanic
Swedish:	annonsera	vb	to announce	TLL
Italic
Latin:	annuntio, annuntiāre	vb	to announce	W7
	denuntio, denuntiare	vb	to denounce	W7
	enuntio, enuntiare, enuntiavi, enuntiatus	vb	to report, declare	W7
	internuntius	n.masc	messenger, mediator	W7
	nuntio, nuntiāre	vb	to report	W7
	nuntius/nuncius	n.masc	messenger, message	W7
	pronuntiō, pronuntiāre, pronuntiāvī, pronuntiātum	vb	to pronounce	LRC
	renuntio, renuntiāre	vb	to renounce	W7
Old French:	anoncier	vb	to announce	AHD
	denoncier	vb	to denounce	W7
Middle French:	annoncer	vb	to announce	W7
	prononcier	vb	to pronounce	W7
	renoncer	vb	to renounce	W7
Italian:	nunzio	n.masc	nuncio	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
OED	=	James A.H. Murray et al: The Oxford English Dictionary (1933)
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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