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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 2. od- 'hatred, disgust, odium, aversion'

Semantic Field: Hate (n)

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	(e)atol/atul/atel	adj	dire, terrible, repulsive	ASD
Middle English:	anoien	vb	to annoy	W7
	noy	n	annoyance	W7
	noysome	adj	noisome	W7
English:	annoy	vb	to vex, disturb, irritate	AHD/W7
	ennui	n	feeling of weariness/dissatisfaction	AHD/W7
	noisome	adj	noxious, unwholesome	AHD/W7
	odious	adj	hateful, loathsome, exciting/deserving odium	W7
	odium	n	subjection to hatred/contempt/repugnance	AHD/W7
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	ötul/atall	adj	fierce, terrible	ASD
Italic
Latin:	odi, odisse	vb	to hate, detest	W7
	odium	n.neut	odium	W7
Late Latin:	inodio, inodiāre	vb	to make odious	W7
Old French:	anoi, enui	n.masc	annoyance	W7
	enuier	vb	to annoy	W7
French:	ennui	n.masc	boredom, trouble, annoyance, ennui	W7
	ennuyer	vb	to bore, annoy	W7
Hellenic
Greek:	odyssomai	vb	to be angry, feel pain	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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