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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: org̑hi-, r̥g̑hi- 'testicle'

Semantic Field: Testicle

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	orbiculer	adj	orbicular	W7
	orbit	n	orbit	W7
English:	orb	n	sphere carrying orbiting body around earth	AHD/W7
	orbicular	adj	circular, spherical	AHD/W7
	orbiculate	adj	orbicular	AHD
	orbit	n	bony socket of eye	AHD/W7
	orchic	adj	testicular	W2I
	orchid	n	perennial epiphytic/terrestrial plant/flower	AHD/W7
	orchiectomy	n	surgical removal of testicle(s)	AHD
	orchitis	n	testicular inflammation	AHD
W-Germanic
German:	Orchidee	n.fem	orchid	LRC
Italic
Latin:	orbiculus	n.masc.dim	small orb/disk/circle	W7
	orbis	n.masc	orb, disk, ring, circle	W7/CLD
	orbita	n.fem	rut, track	W7
Late Latin:	orbicularis	adj	rounded, orbicular	W7
New Latin:	Orchis	n.fem	orchid (genus name)	W7
Middle French:	orbe	n.fem	orb, disk, circle	W7
	orbiculaire	adj	orbicular	W7
Hellenic
Greek:	ʼόρχις	n.masc	testicle	LS

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
dim	=	diminutive
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
CLD	=	Cassell's Latin Dictionary (1959, rev. 1968)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
W2I	=	Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd ed. (1959)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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