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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: pā̆n- 'pane, panel, woven fabric'

Semantic Field: Cloth

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	fana	n.masc	flag, banner	W7
Middle English:	pan(e)	n	pane	W7
	panel	n	panel	W7
English:	pane	n	side/piece/section of something	AHD/W7
	panel	n	pad, cushion, piece of cloth	AHD/W2I
	vane	n	device attached to elevated object to show wind direction	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	fana/fona	n.masc	flag, standard	ASD
Dutch:	vaan	n.fem	flag, standard	ASD
Old Saxon:	fano	n.masc	flag, standard	ASD
Old High German:	fano	n.masc	cloth	W7/ASD
Middle High German:	van(e)	n.masc	flag, standard	ASD
German:	Fa(h)ne	n.fem	flag, standard	ASD
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	fāni	n.masc	flag, standard	ASD
Danish:	fane	n.masc/fem	flag, standard	ASD
Swedish:	fana	n.fem	flag, standard	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	fana	n.masc	flag, standard	ASD
Italic
Latin:	pannus	n.masc	cloth, rag	W7
Vulgar Latin:	pannellus	n.masc.dim	small piece of cloth	W7
Middle French:	pan	n.masc	pane of cloth	W7
	panel	n.masc	panel	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
dim	=	diminutive
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W2I	=	Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd ed. (1959)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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