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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 1. peig-, and peik- 'colored, speckled'

Semantic Field: Color

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	fāg/fāh	adj	dyed, stained, colored, variegated	ASD
	fēol	n.fem	file	W7/ASD
Middle English:	file	n	file	W7
	painten	vb	to paint	W7
	picture	n	picture	W7
	pinte	n	pint	W7
English:	depict	vb.trans	to represent via picture	AHD/W7
	file	n	metal tool with ridges to cut/form/smooth surfaces	AHD/W7
	paint	vb	to apply paint/color/pigment	AHD/W7
	pictograph	n	ancient/prehistoric drawing/painting on rock wall	AHD/W7
	picture	n	representation via drawing/painting	AHD/W7
	picturesque	adj	resembling picture, suggesting painted scene	AHD/W7
	pigment	n	substance imparting color to other materials	AHD/W7
	pim(i)ento	n	sweet European pepper: source of paprika	AHD/W7
	pint	n	unit of volume: 16 oz.	AHD/W7
	pinto	n	spotted/calico horse/pony	AHD/W7
	poikilotherm	n	cold-blooded organism	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Dutch:	vijl	n.fem	file	ASD
Old Saxon:	fēh	adj	stained, colored	ASD
Old High German:	fēh	adj	stained, colored	ASD
	fī(ha)la	n.fem	file	W7/ASD
Middle High German:	vēch	adj	stained, colored	ASD
	vile	n.fem	file	ASD
German:	fech	adj	stained, colored	ASD
	Feile	n.fem	file	ASD
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	fá, fáð	vb	to color	LRC
Icelandic:	þēl	n.fem	file	ASD
Danish:	fiil	n.masc/fem	file	ASD
Swedish:	fil	n.masc	file	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	faihs	adj	stained, colored	ASD
Italic
Latin:	depictus	vb.ptc	painted, represented	W7
	depingo, depingere	vb	to paint, represent	W7
	pictor	n.masc	painter	W7
	pictura, picturae	n.fem	painting	LRC
	pictus, picta, pictum	adj/vb.ptc	painted	LRC
	pigmentum	n.neut	paint, pigment	W7
	pingo, pingere	vb	to paint	W7
Vulgar Latin:	pinctus, pincta, pinctum	vb.ptc	painted	W7
Late Latin:	pigmentum	n.neut	pigment, plant juice	W7
Medieval Latin:	pincta	vb.ptc.fem	painted	W7
Spanish:	pimienta	n.fem	pimento pepper	W7
	pinto	adj	spotted	W7
American Spanish:	pinto	adj	spotted	W7
Old French:	peindre	vb	to paint	W7
	peint	vb.ptc	painted	W7
Middle French:	pinte	n.fem	pint	W7
French:	pittoresque	adj	picturesque, folklorical	W7
Italian:	pittore	n.masc	painter	W7
	pittoresco	adj	picturesque	W7
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	pьsati, pьšǫ, pьšeši	vb	to write	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	pikros	adj	sharp, bitter	W7
	poikilos	adj	variegated	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
ptc	=	participle
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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