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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: pī̆p(p)- 'to peep, squeak'

Semantic Fields: Sound (n); Various Cries

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Scots Gaelic:	piobaireachd	n.fem	pipe-music	W7/GE
English
Old English:	pīpe/pīpa	n.fem	pipe	W7
Middle English:	pepen	vb	to peep	W7
	pigeon	n	pigeon	W7
	pipe	n	pipe	W7
English:	fife	n	small transverse shrill-toned flute	AHD/W7
	peep	vb	to cheep, chirp, utter shrill feeble sound	W7
	pibroch	n	martial/mournful tune for Scottish bagpipe	AHD/W7
	pigeon	n	bird with stout body/short legs	AHD/W7
	pipe	n	tubular wind instrument	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Dutch:	pijp	n	pipe	TLL
Old Low German:	pīpa	n	pipe	ASD
Old High German:	pfīfa	n	pipe	ASD
German:	Pfeife	n.fem	pipe	W7
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	pīpa	n	pipe	ASD
Danish:	pibe	n	pipe	TLL
Swedish:	pipa	n	pipe	TLL
Italic
Latin:	pipo, pipāre	vb	to peep	W7
Vulgar Latin:	pipa	n.fem	pipe	W7
Late Latin:	pipio, pipionis	n.masc	young bird	W7
Middle French:	pijon	n.masc	dove, pigeon	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
GE	=	Colin Mark: The Gaelic-English Dictionary (2003)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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