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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: (s)lī- : sləi-, or slōi-, slī-u̯o- 'livid, bluish'

Semantic Field: Blue

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	slāh/slā(g)	n.fem	sloe	IEW/ASD
	slāh-hyll	n.masc/fem	hill where sloe grows	ASD
	slāh-þorn	n.masc	blackthorn, lit. sloe-thorn	ASD
Middle English:	lavendre	n	lavender	W7
	slo	n	sloe	W7
	Slocombe	prop.n	Slocum	LRC
English:	lavender	n	Mediterranean mint	AHD/W7
	livid	adj	black-and-blue, discolored by bruising	AHD/W7
	slivovitz	n	sloe/plum brandy	AHD/W7
	Slocum	prop.n	surname, lit. Plum Valley	LRC
	sloe	n	blackthorn: wild plum	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	slē(h)a	n	sloe	ASD
German:	Lavendel	n.masc	lavender	LRC
	Schlehe	n	sloe	ASD
N-Germanic
Danish:	slaaen	n	sloe	ASD
	slaaentorn	n	blackthorn, lit. sloe-thorn	ASD
Italic
Latin:	liveo, livēre	vb	to be blue	W7
	lividus	adj	pale, blue, jealous	W7
Medieval Latin:	lavandula	n.fem	lavender	W7
Anglo-French:	lavendre	n.fem	lavender	W7
French:	livide	adj	pale	W7
Slavic
Serbo-Croatian:	sl(j)iva	n	sloe, plum	W7
	sljivovica	n	slivovitz	W7
Russian:	sliva	n	sloe, plum	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
prop	=	proper
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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