The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

Fans of J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings may appreciate the source & meaning tips that pop up when the mouse pointer hovers over a non-obvious word or name that he coined from Indo-European (usually Old English or Old Norse) stock. But only reflexes of PIE etyma can be included, and these tend to concentrate in the vocabulary of Rohan and the Shire.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: stā- : stə- 'to stand'

Semantic Field: to Stand

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	siss-	vb	to stand up	GED
	tair-(s)issim	vb	to remain standing	LRC
	taman	n	tree trunk	GED
	-tāu	vb.1.sg	I am	GED
	-tō	vb.1.sg	I am	GED
Middle Irish:	samaigim	vb	to set down	GED
Breton:	sevell	vb	to stand	GED
Cornish:	sevell	vb	to stand	GED
Welsh:	sefyll	vb	to stand	GED
English
Old English:	foresteall	n.masc	forestalling, leaping before	W7
	stæþ	n.masc/neut	bank	GED
	stāll	n.str.neut	place	GED
	stamn/stemn	n.masc	stem	GED
	standan, stōd, stōdon, standen	vb.str	to stand	GED/ASD
	staþol/staþel/staþul	n.str.masc	staddle	GED/ASD
	stēda	n.masc	steed, stallion, camel	W7
	stede	n.masc	stead, site, location	GED
	stefn	n.masc	stem; prow, stern	LRC
	stēor-	pfx	steering	W7
	stēor	n.masc	steer, young ox/bull	W7
	stēor-bord	n.neut	starboard, lit. steer(ing)-board	LRC
	stīeran	vb	to steer	W7
	sti(o)rc/styric	n.neut	calf, young bull/cow	W7/ASD
	stōd	n.neut	stud (horse); herd of horses	GED
	stōl	n.masc	stool, chair	GED
	stōr	adj	great, stout, strong, potent, violent	IEW/ASD
	stōw	n.str.fem	place	LRC
	stōwian	vb.wk	to restrain	GED/ASD
	studu/stuðu	n.fem	stud, post, pillar	W7/ASD
	stund	n.fem	stound	W7
	under-standan	vb.str	to understand, observe	W7/ASD
Middle English:	apostasie	n	apostasy	W7
	arest	n	arrest	CDC
	ar(r)esten	vb	to arrest	W7/CDC
	assisten	vb	to assist	AHD
	bested	vb.ptc	placed, situated	W7
	circumstance	n	circumstance	W7
	conestable	n	constable	W7
	constant	adj	constant	W7
	costen	vb	to cost	W7
	destinen	vb	to destine	W7
	destitute	adj	destitute	W7
	distant	adj	distant	W7
	establissen	vb	to establish	W7
	estat	n	estate	W7
	extasie	n	ecstasy	W7
	forstallen	vb	to forestall	W7
	instant	n	instant	W7
	instituten	vb	to institute	W7
	obstacle	n	obstacle	W7
	obstinate	adj	obstinate	W7
	post	n	post (in the ground)	W7
	resisten	vb	to resist	W7
	restive	adj	restive	W7
	restoren	vb	to restore	W7
	solstice	n	solstice	W7
	stable	n	stable	W7
	stacioun	n	station	W7
	stadeling	n	starling	W7
	stage	n	stage	W7
	stanchon	n	stanchion	W7
	standen	vb	to stand	W7
	stat	n	state	W7
	stathel	n	base, framework, foundation	W7
	statue	n	statue	W7
	stature	n	stature	W7
	statute	n	statute	W7
	staunchen	n	to stanch	W7
	stayen	vb	to stay	W7
	sted(e)	n	stead, place; farm	W7
	steden	vb	to place	W7
	steer	n	young ox	W7
	stem	n	stem	W7
	sterbord	n	starboard	W7
	steren	vb	to steer	W7
	stern	n	stern	W7
	stirk	n	young bull/cow	W7
	stith(y)	n	anvil	W7
	stod(e)	n	stud	W7
	stoic	n	stoic	W7
	stool	n	stool	W7
	storen	vb	to store	W7
	stound	n	stound	W7
	stowe	n	place	W7
	stowen	vb	to place	W7
	substance	n	substance	W7
	substitute	n	substitute	W7
	supersticion	n	superstition	W7
	understanden	vb	to understand	W7
English:	amphistylar	adj	having columns on opposite sides	AHD
	apostasy	n	renunciation of religious faith	AHD/W7
	armistice	n	truce, temporary suspension of hostilities	AHD/W7
	arrest	n	check, halting, being stopped	W7
	arrest	vb.trans	to halt, bring to a stop	AHD/W7
	assist	vb	to give aid/support	AHD/W7
	astasia	n	astasis	AHD
	astasis	n	inability to stand	LRC
	astatine	n	radioactive halogen element	AHD/W7
	astylar	adj	having no columns/pilasters	AHD/W7
	bestead	adj	placed, situated	AHD/W7
	catastasis	n	complication immediately prior to climax of play	AHD/W7
	circumstance	n	fact/event/condition conditioning/determining/accompanying another	AHD/W7
	consist	vb.intrans	to lie, reside	AHD/W7
	constable	n	high officer of medieval noble/royal household	AHD/W7
	constant	adj	steadfast, resolute	AHD/W7
	constitute	vb.trans	to appoint to office/function/dignity	AHD/W7
	contrast	vb	to oppose/compare	AHD/W7
	cost, cost	vb.str	to require specified payment/expenditure	AHD/W7
	desist	vb.intrans	to cease to act/proceed	AHD/W7
	destine	vb.trans	to predetermine	AHD/W7
	destitute	adj	lacking something needed/desirable	AHD/W7
	diastase	n	amylase, mixture of enzymes from malt	AHD/W7
	distant	adj	away, separated in space	AHD/W7
	ecstasy	n	overwhelming delight	AHD/W7
	enstatite	n	magnesium silicate pyroxene	AHD
	epistasis	n	suppression of genetic effect by nonallelic gene	AHD/W7
	epistyle	n	architrave	AHD/W7
	establish	vb	to make firm/stable	AHD/W7
	estaminet	n	small cafe	AHD/W7
	estancia	n	ranch, farmstead	AHD
	estate	n	state, condition	AHD/W7
	etagere	n	cabinet: tier of open shelves	AHD/W7
	etamine	n	light cotton/worsted fabric with open mesh	AHD/W7
	exist	vb.intrans	to have being (whether material/spiritual)	AHD/W7
	extant	adj	standing out/above	AHD/W7
	forestall	vb.trans	to intercept; hinder/prevent	AHD/W7
	Hindustan	prop.n	historical region of India	AHD
	histiocyte	n	phagocytic tissue cell	AHD/W7
	hist(o)-	pfx	body tissue	AHD
	histogram	n	bar graph of frequency distribution	AHD
	hypostasis	n	something that settles at bottom of fluid	AHD/W7
	hypostyle	adj	having roof resting on columns in rows	AHD/W7
	iconostasis	n	screen/partition separating bema from nave in Eastern church	AHD/W7
	insist	vb	to take resolute stand/course	AHD/W7
	instant	adj	urgent, importunate	AHD/W7
	instant	n	moment, infinitesimal space of time	AHD/W7
	instauration	n	restoration after lapse/decay/dilapidation	AHD/W7
	institute	vb.trans	to establish in official position	AHD/W7
	interstice	n	interval, space intervening between things	AHD/W7
	isostasy	n	subjected to same pressure on all sides	AHD/W7
	metastasis	n	change of form/state/position	AHD/W7
	obstacle	n	obstruction, something that opposes/stands in way	AHD/W7
	obstetric	adj	re: childbirth	AHD/W7
	obstinate	adj	resolutely adhering to course/opinion/purpose despite reason/argument/persuasion	AHD/W7
	oust	vb.trans	to dispossess, eject from/deprive of position/property	AHD/W7
	penstemon	n	beardtongue: flowering plant with many seeds	AHD
	peristyle	n	colonnade surrounding court/building	AHD/W7
	persist	vb.intrans	to go on stubbornly/resolutely despite warning/opposition/importunity	AHD/W7
	post	n	column, pillar, piece of timber/metal fixed in upright position	AHD/W7
	prostate	adj	re: prostate gland	AHD/W7
	prostitute	vb.trans	to offer indiscriminate sexual intercourse for money	AHD/W7
	prostyle	adj	having row of columns across front only	AHD
	resist	vb	to withstand force/effect of	AHD/W7
	rest	n	remainder	AHD/W7
	restharrow	n	Old World plant with trifoliate leaves	AHD
	restitute	vb	to restore to former state/position	AHD/W7
	restive	adj	balky, stubbornly resisting control	AHD/W7
	restore	vb.trans	to return, give back	AHD/W7
	shtetl	n	small Jewish town/village	AHD
	solstice	n	point on ecliptic at maximum distance from celestial equator	AHD/W7
	stable	adj	fixed, steadfast, firmly established	AHD/W7
	stable	n	building for domestic animals	AHD/W7
	Staddle	prop.n	Bree village in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings	LRC
	staddle	n	base, support, foundation, platform for hay/straw stack	AHD/W7
	stage	n	step, one of series of stations/positions one above another	AHD/W7
	stall	vb	to mislead, employ delaying tactics	AHD
	stamen	n	microsporophyll of seed plant	AHD/W7
	stammel	n	coarse woolen cloth	AHD
	stance	n	station	AHD/W7
	stanch	vb.trans	to stop/check flow	AHD/W7
	stanchion	n	upright bar/post/support	AHD/W7
	stand, stood	vb.str	to support oneself erect on feet	AHD/W7
	stand	n	act of standing, stopping/staying in place	W7
	stanza	n	strophe, division of poem	AHD/W7
	starboard	n	right side of ship (looking forward)	AHD/W7
	starets	n	spiritual director/religious teacher/counselor in Eastern Orthodox Church	AHD/W7
	starling	n	protecting structure of piles around bridge pier	AHD/W7
	stasis	n	slowing/stoppage of normal body fluid flow	AHD/W7
	-stat	n.sfx	stabilizing agent/device	AHD/W7
	state	n	mode/condition of being; people occupying definite territory	AHD/W7
	static	adj	exerting force via weight alone, without motion	AHD/W7
	statice	n	thrift, sea lavender	AHD/W7
	station	n	place/position where someone/something is assigned to stand/remain	AHD/W7
	statistics	n	mathematics dealing with collection/analysis/interpretation and presentation of numeric data	AHD/W7
	stative	adj	re: state, condition	AHD
	stato-	pfx	resting	AHD/W7
	stator	n	stationary machine part in/about which rotor revolves	AHD/W7
	statue	n	person/animal likeness modeled/sculptured in solid substance	AHD/W7
	stature	n	natural height (of person) in upright position	AHD/W7
	status	n	standing, position re: rank/condition	AHD/CDC
	statute	n	law enacted by legislative branch of government	AHD/W7
	staurolite	n	iron aluminum silicate mineral in prismatic orthorhombic crystals	AHD/W7
	stay	vb	to pause, stop going forward	AHD/W7
	stead	n	place, locality	AHD/W7
	steed	n	horse	AHD/W7
	steer	n	male bovine (castrated before sexual maturity)	AHD/W7
	steer	vb	to direct course	AHD/W7
	stem	n	main trunk of tree/other plant	AHD/W7
	stern	n	rear end of boat	AHD/W7
	stet	vb.trans	to let stand, annotate signalling retention	AHD/W7
	stirk	n	young bull/cow	AHD/W7
	stithy	n	anvil; smithy	AHD/W7
	stoa	n	ancient Greek portico with front colonnade offering sheltered promenade	AHD/W7
	stoic	n	adherent of stoicism	AHD/W7
	stoicism	n	philosophical school founded by Zeno of Citium ca. 300 BC	LRC
	stool	n	short chair without back/arms supported by legs/central pedestal	AHD/W7
	Stoors	prop.n.pl	hobbit clan in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings	LRC
	store	vb.trans	to supply, furnish	AHD/W7
	stound	n	hour, time, while, period	AHD/W7
	stow	vb.trans	to lodge, house	AHD/W7
	stud	n	scantling, upright in building wall for fastening sheathing/paneling/lath	AHD/W7
	stud	n	animal, esp. horse, kept for breeding	AHD/W7
	stylite	n	Christian ascetic living atop pillar	AHD/W7
	subsist	vb	to be, have existence	AHD/W7
	substance	n	essence, essential nature	AHD/W7
	substitute	n	person/thing that takes another's place	AHD/W7
	superstition	n	belief/practice resulting from chance/ignorance/trust in magic/fear of unknown	AHD/W7
	system	n	interacting/interdependent set of items forming unified whole	AHD/W7
	understand, understood	vb.str	to comprehend, grasp meaning of	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	stān	vb.cont	to stand	GED
	sted/stid/steith	n	site, (home)stead, location	GED/ASD
	steth	n	bank	GED
	stevne	n	stem, prow, stern	ASD
	stō	n	place	GED
	stōð	n	stud	GED
	stōl	n	stool, chair	GED
	stonda/standa	vb	to stand	GED/ASD
	stunde	n	stound	ASD
Dutch:	stad	n	town	TLL
	stam	n	stem: tree trunk	TLL
	stier	n	steer, bull	TLL
	stoel	n	stool, chair	TLL
	stuur-boord	n	starboard, lit. steer(ing)-board	ASD
Old Saxon:	stadal	n.masc.str	site, shed, staddle	GED
	stað	n	bank	GED
	stamn	n	stem, prow, stern	ASD
	stān	vb.cont	to stand	GED
	standan	vb	to stand	GED
	stedi	n	site, (home)stead, location	GED
	stēn	vb.cont	to stand	GED
	stōl	n	stool, chair	GED
	stunda	n	stound	ASD
Old Low German:	stier	n	steer, young bull	ASD
Middle Low German:	stēde	adj	firm, constant	GED
	stōd/stōt	n	pen, corral	GED
	stouwen/stōwen/stūwen	vb.wk	to stow, heap up	GED
Old High German:	gi-stuomi	adj	quiet	GED
	pfosto	n	post	W7
	stadal	n.str.masc	site, shed, staddle	GED
	stad(o)	n.str.masc	bank	GED/ASD
	stām	vb	to stand	GED
	stam(m)	n.str.masc	stem	GED/ASD
	stān	vb.cont	to stand	GED
	stantan	vb.str	to stand	GED
	stārke/sterke	n	stirk, young cow that has not calved	ASD
	stat	n.str.fem	site, (home)stead, location	GED
	stāti	adj	firm, steady, established	GED
	stedir	n	landing place	GED
	stēn	vb.cont	to stand	GED
	stior	n	steer, young ox	W7
	stouwen	vb.wk	to accuse, command	GED
	stūa-tago	n.str.masc	last judgment	GED
	stūēn	vb.wk	to repent	GED
	stunta	n	stound, hour	W7
	stuol/stōl	n.str.masc	stool, chair	GED/ASD
	stuot	n.str.fem	stud, herd of horses for breeding, mare	GED
Middle High German:	sterke/stirke	n	stirk	ASD
German:	Pfosten	n.masc	post	LRC
	Staden	n	land	GED
	Stadt	n.fem	city	LRC
	städtisch	adj	urban	TLL
	Stamm	n.masc	stem	LRC
	Stand	n.masc	stand	LRC
	Statistik	n	statistics, study of political facts/figures	W7
	statt	adv	instead	TLL
	stauen	vb	to stow, heap up	LRC
	stehen	vb	to stand	LRC
	Stier	n.masc	steer, young ox	LRC
	Stuhl	n.masc	stool, chair	LRC
	Stunde	n.fem	hour	LRC
	ungestüm	adj	vehement	GED
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	staðr	n.masc	place, spot, dwelling; part; way, respect	LRC
	standa	vb	to stand (firm), be in a place; weigh	LRC
	steþi	n	anvil; smithy	W7
	stjōrn	n	act of steering	W7
	stórr	adj	great, huge	LRC
	stund	n.fem	stound, hour	LRC
	styðja, styðjadd	vb	to (provide with/use as) support; stab/pierce from all sides	LRC
	stýra, stýrað	vb	to steer, direct; wield, own	LRC
	þjórr	n	steer, bull	KNW
Old Icelandic:	eld-stō	n.fem	hearth	GED
	staðr	n.masc	site, (home)stead, location	GED
	standa	vb	to stand	GED
	stōð	n	standard, stud of horses	GED
	stōll	n	stool, chair	GED
	stǫð	n.fem	place of landing	GED
	stǫðull	n.str.masc	place, staddle	GED
	stœða	vb.wk	to make stand, confirm; bring to a standstill	GED
	stœðr	vb.ger	standing firmly	GED
Icelandic:	eld-stó	n	fireplace	ASD
	staðr	n	stead	ASD
	stafn/stamn	n	prow, stern	ASD
	standa	vb	to stand	ASD
	stjórn-borði	n	starboard, lit. steer(ing)-board	ASD
	stjórr	n	steer, young bull	ASD
	stoð	n.fem	stud, post, pillar,	ASD
	stóð	n.neut	stud (horse); herd of horses	ASD
	stóll	n	seat, throne	ASD
	stund	n	stound	ASD
Norwegian:	stad	n	bank of river	GED
Danish:	etage	n	floor, story	TLL
	staa	vb	to stand	GED
	stamme	n	stem: tree trunk	TLL
	stod	n	stud (horse); herd of horses	ASD
	stol	n	stool, chair	LRC
	styr-bord	n	starboard	ASD
	tyr	n	steer, bull	TLL
Swedish:	stad	n	town, city	TLL
	stam	n	stem: tree trunk	TLL
	stol	n	stool, chair	TLL
	styr-bord	n	starboard	ASD
	stå	vb	to stand	GED
	tjur	n	steer, bull	TLL
E-Germanic
Gothic:	ana-stodeins	n.fem	beginning	GED
	*anda-staþjis	n.masc	adversary	GED
	stabs	n	element, rudiment	ASD
	standan	vb.str.VI	to stand	GED
	staþs	n.str.masc	place, region; land, shore	GED
	staua	n.fem	judgment, charge	GED
	stiurs	n	steer, calf	ASD
	stojan	vb.wk.I	to judge	GED
	stols	n.masc	stool, chair, throne	GED
	*stoma	n	confidence, substance	GED
	*unga-stoþs	adj	homeless	GED
Crimean Gothic:	*staþ/statz	n	land: bank, shore	CGo/GED
	stul	n	stool, chair	GED
Italic
Latin:	arma	n.neut.pl	weapons	W7
	assisto, assistere	vb	to help, stand by	W7
	caelestis, caelestis, caeleste	adj	celestial	LRC
	circumstans, circumstantis	adj/vb.ptc	standing around	W7
	circumstantia	n.fem	circumstance	W7
	circumsto, circumstare	vb	to stand around	W7
	consisto, consistere	vb	to stand still, stop	W7
	constans, constantis	adj/vb.ptc	constant, standing together	W7
	constituo, constituere	vb	to set up, constitute	W7
	constitutus	vb.ptc	decided, set up	W7
	consto, constare	vb	to stand firm, be consistent	W7
	desisto, desistere	vb	to withdraw	W7
	destino, destināre	vb	to fix, designate	W7
	destituo, destituere	vb	to abandon, deprive	W7
	destitutus	vb.ptc	deprived, abandoned	W7
	distans, distantis	adj/vb.ptc	distant, away	W7
	disto, distare	vb	to stand apart	W7
	epistylium	n.neut	epistyle	W7
	exsisto, exsistere	vb	to come into being, exist	W7
	exstans, exstantis	adj/vb.ptc	extant, existing	W7
	exsto, exstare	vb	to stand out, be in existence	W7
	insisto, insistere	vb	to stand upon, persist	W7
	instans, instantis	vb.pres.ptc	standing upon, urging	W7
	instauratio	n.fem	instauration, setting up	W7
	instauratus	vb.ptc	instaured, set up	W7
	instauro, instaurāre	vb	to renew, restore	W7
	instituo, instituere	vb	to set up, institute	W7
	institutus	vb.ptc	set up, instituted	W7
	insto, instāre	vb	to stand upon, urge	W7
	intersisto, intersistere	vb	to stand still in the middle	W7
	interstitus	vb.ptc	separated at intervals	W7
	obstaculum	n.neut	obstacle	W7
	obstetrix, obstetricis	n.fem	midwife	W7
	obstinatus, obstinata, obstinatum	adj	obstinate	LRC
	obstinatus	vb.ptc	resolved	W7
	obstino, obstināre	vb	to be resolved	W7
	obsto, obstare	vb	to resist, hinder, oppose, stand in way	W7
	peristylum	n.neut	peristyle	W7
	persisto, persistere	vb	to remain, persist	W7
	postis	n.masc	door(post); organ of sight	W7
	prostituo, prostituere	vb	to expose, to prostitute	W7
	prostitutus	vb.ptc	prostituted	W7
	resisto, resistere	vb	to resist	W7
	restauro, restaurare	vb	to renew, rebuild	W7
	restitutus	vb.ptc	restored	W7
	resto, restare	vb	to rest, remain, stand back	W7
	sisto, sistere	vb	to stand, stop	W7
	solstitium	n.neut	solstice	W7
	stabiliō, stabilīre, stabilīvī, stabilītus	vb	to confirm, establish	LRC
	stabilis, stabilis, stabile	adj	stable	LRC
	stabulum	n.neut	stable	GED
	stāmen	n.neut	thread, warp in weaving	GED
	stans, stantis	adj/vb.ptc	standing	W7
	statim	adv	firmly, steadfastly; regularly, immediately	CLD
	statio, statiōnis	n.fem	station, guard, act of standing	GED
	stator	n.masc	one that stands	W7
	statua	n.fem	statue	W7
	statuo, statuere	vb	to set up	W7
	statura, staturae	n.fem	stature, height	LRC
	status	n.masc	state	W7
	status	vb.ptc	placed, standing	GED
	statutus, statutum	vb.ptc	decided	W7
	sterilis	adj	sterile	W7
	-stitium	sfx	suspension	W7
	sto, stāre, steti, statum	vb	to stand, abide	LRC
	stoicus	adj	re: Stoic philosophers	W7
	subsisto, subsistere	vb	to remain, come to a halt	W7
	substans, substantis	adj/vb.ptc	standing under, consisting of	W7
	substantia	n.fem	substance	W7
	substituo, substituere, substitui, substitūtum	vb	to substitute, put in place of	W7
	substo, substare	vb	to stand under, consist of	W7
	superstes, superstitis	adj	standing over (as witness/survivor)	W7
	superstitio, superstitionis	n.fem	superstition, prophesy	W7
Vulgar Latin:	arresto, arrestare	vb	to arrest	W7
	contrasto, contrastare	vb	to contrast, oppose	W7
	stantia	n.fem	a stay	W7
	stantico, stanticāre	vb	to stanch	W7
	staticum	adj.neut	standing still	W7
Late Latin:	apostasia	n	defection, apostasy	AHD
	ecstasis	n.fem	ecstasy	W7
	hypostasis	n.fem	hypostasis, settling, substance	W7
	interstitium	n.neut	interstice	W7
	metastasis	n.fem	transition	W7
	obsto, obstāre	vb	to ward off, be an obstacle	W7
	statutum	n.neut	law, regulation	W7
	subsisto, subsistere	vb	to exist	W7
	systema, systematis	n.neut	system	W7
Middle Latin:	arresto, arrestare	vb.trans	to arrest, restrain	CDC
Medieval Latin:	instans, instantis	adj/vb.ptc	standing	W7
New Latin:	armistitium	n.neut	armistice, truce	W7
	epistasis	n.fem	suppression of the effect of a gene	W7
	hypostasis	n.fem	something that settles at the bottom of a fluid	W7
	metastasis	n.fem	change of position, state or form	W7
	obstetricus	adj	relating to childbirth	W7
	prostata	n.fem	prostate gland	W7
	staticus	adj	immobile	W7
	statisticus	adj	of political facts and figures	W7
Portuguese:	armisticio	n	armistice	CDC
	arrestar	vb.trans	to arrest	CDC
	assistir	vb	to assist	CDC
	custar	vb	to cost	TLL
Spanish:	armisticio	n	armistice	CDC
	arrestar	vb.trans	to arrest	CDC
	asistir	vb	to assist	CDC
	costar	vb	to cost	TLL
	estado	n	state	TLL
	estancar	vb	to stanch	TLL
Old French:	apostasie	n	apostasy	AHD
	arest	n	arrest, delay, restraint	CDC
	arester	vb.trans	to arrest	CDC
	assister	vb	to assist	AHD
	conestable	n.masc	constable	W7
	destiner	vb	to destine	W7
	estable	n.fem	barn	W7
	estage	n.masc	stage	W7
	estance	n.fem	stay, prop	W7
	estanchon	n.masc	prop	W7
	estat	n.masc	estate, state	W7
	estorer	vb	to construct, restore, store	W7
	oster	vb	to take away, to oust away	W7
	restorer	vb	to restore, give back	W7
	solstice	n.masc	solstice	W7
	stature	n.fem	stature	W7
	statut	n.masc	statute, decision	W7
	substance	n.fem	substance	W7
Anglo-French:	ouster	vb	to expulse	W7
Middle French:	arester	vb	to rest, arrest	W7
	assister	vb	to help, stand by	W7
	circumstance	n.fem	circumstance	W7
	consist	vb	to consist	W7
	consister	vb	to consist	W7
	constant	adj	constant	W7
	contraster	vb	to oppose, resist	W7
	contrester	vb	to control	W7
	coster	vb	to cost	W7
	desister	vb	to desist	W7
	distant	adj	distant	W7
	establir	vb	to establish, settle (down)	W7
	estance	n.fem	position, posture, stay	W7
	estancher	vb	to quench	W7
	estanchon	n.masc	pond	W7
	ester	vb	to stand, stay	W7
	extasie	n.fem	ecstasy, delight	W7
	insister	vb	to insist	W7
	instant	adj	urging	W7
	obstacle	n.masc	obstacle	W7
	persister	vb	to persist	W7
	résister	vb	to resist	W7
	reste	n.masc	the rest	W7
	rester	vb	to remain	W7
	restive	adj	restive	W7
	station	n.fem	station, stop	W7
	statue	n.fem	statue	W7
	supersticion	n.fem	superstition, pagan belief	W7
French:	armistice	n.masc	armistice, final truce in war	W7
	arrêter	vb.trans	to arrest	CDC
	assister	vb	to help, stand by	W7
	contraster	vb	to contrast	W7
	coûter	vb	to cost	TLL
	diastase	n.fem	proteic catalyser	W7/R1
	étage	n.masc	floor, story	LRC
	étagère	n.fem	shelf	W7
	étamine	n.fem	stamen, muslin	W7
	étancher	vb	to stanch	TLL
	état	n	state	TLL
	interstice	n.masc	interstice, space in between	W7
	ôter	vb	to remove	TLL
	péristyle	n.masc	peristyle, space encircled by columns	W7
Old Occitan:	arrestar	vb.trans	to arrest	CDC
Italian:	armistizio	n	armistice	CDC
	arrestare	vb.trans	to arrest	CDC
	assistere	vb	to assist	CDC
	costare	vb	to cost	TLL
	stanza	n.fem	stance, room, habitation	W7
Baltic
Old Prussian:	stalis	n	table	GED
Lithuanian:	pastõlas	n	stand (as for beehives)	GED
	stačiaĩ	adv	straight	LRC
	stãčias	vb.ger	standing	GED
	stãlas	n	table, workbench	GED
	statýti	vb	to place	GED
	statùs	vb.ger	standing	GED
	stomuõ	n	stature	GED
	stóti	vb	to stand (up), place oneself	GED
	stovà	n	place	GED
	stõvai	n	loom for weaving	GED
	stovėti	vb	to stand	GED
	stõvis	n	state	GED
Latvian:	atstāt, atstāju, atstāju	vb	to leave, depart, abandon	LRC
	stāli	n	loom	GED
	stāmen	n	body, torso	GED
	stāvēt, stāvu, stāvēju	vb	to stand	LRC
	stāvi	n	loom	GED
	stâvs	n	figure, standing	GED
	stāvs	n.masc	stature, figure, frame	LRC
Slavic
Old Slavic:	stolŭ	n	seat, throne	W7
Old Church Slavonic:	po-statь	n	part, manner	GED
	stavъ	n	stand	GED
	stati, stanǫ, staneši	vb	to stand, place oneself	LRC
	stolъ	n.masc	seat, throne	LRC
	stojati	vb	to stand	GED
Russian:	staryĭ	adj	old	W7
Albanian
Albanian:	shtetëror	adj	re: state	LRC
	shtet	n.masc	state	LRC
	shton	vb	to augment, increase	LRC
Hellenic
Doric:	ʽίστᾱμι	vb	to place, make to stand	GED
Aeolic:	στωία	n	hall with columns	GED
Homeric Greek:	ἱστός	n.masc	thing set upright: ship's mast, weaver's beam	W7/LS
Greek:	ἀνίστημι	vb	to rise	LRC
	ἀπίστημι	vb	to leave, depart	LRC
	ἀποκαθίστημι	vb	to restore	LRC
	apo-stasia	n.fem	revolt	W7
	a-statos	adj	unsteady	W7
	ʼά-στῡλος	adj	lit. without prop/pillar	LS
	aphistasthai	vb	to revolt	W7
	dia-stasis	n.fem	separation	W7
	δι-ίστημι	vb	to strive, separate	LRC
	ekstasis	n.fem	ecstasy	W7
	existanai	vb	to derange	W7
	ἐξίστημι	vb	to be amazed	LRC
	ἐπίσταμαι	vb.dep	to know	LRC
	epistasis	n.fem	act of stopping	W7
	ʽέστηκα	vb.perf	to stand	GED
	ʼέστην	vb.aor	stood	GED
	ephistanai	vb	to stop	W7
	ἐφίστημι	vb	to appear, stand up	LRC
	histanai	vb	to cause to stand	W7
	histasthai	vb	to stand	W7
	ʽίστημι	vb	to put, place, (cause to) stand	LRC
	histion	n.neut	sail	W7
	kathistanai	vb	to set in order	W7
	katastasis	n.fem	settlement	W7
	methistanai	vb	to change	W7
	μεθίστημι	vb	to move	LRC
	metastasis	n.fem	metastasis	W7
	peristylos	adj	surrounded by a colonnade	W7
	proïstanai	vb	to put in front	W7
	prostatēs	n.masc	chief, leader	W7
	στάμνος	n	wine-jar	GED
	στάσις	n.fem	station; standing, stopping	GED
	-statēs	afx	standing still	W7
	statikos	adj	static, causing to stand	W7
	στατός	adj	placed, standing	GED
	staturos	n.masc	cross	W7
	stauros	n.masc	stake	W7
	στήμων	n.masc	thread, warp in weaving	GED
	στοά	n.fem	stoa, hall with columns	GED
	Stoa	prop.n.fem	Portico at Athens where Stoic philosophers taught	W7
	stylos	n.masc	pillar, column	W7
	stōïkos	adj	re: the Portico, Stoic philosphers	W7
	synistanai	vb	to combine	W7
	σύστημα	n.neut	system, composition, whole compounded of parts	LS
	hypostasis	n.fem	support, foundation, substance, sediment	W7
	hypostylos	adj	hypostyle	W7
	hyphistasthai	vb	to support, stand under	W7
Late Greek:	apostasia	n	defection	AHD
	stylitēs	n.masc	stylite, hermite living atop pillar	W7
Medieval Greek:	eikonostasis	n.fem	crisis about images	W7
Anatolian
Hittite:	istanta-	vb	to stay, delay	GED
	istap(p)-	vb	to cover	GED
	tittanu-	vb	to set up	GED
Armenian
Armenian:	stanam	vb	to acquire, buy at auction	LRC
Iranian
Avestan:	hištaiti	vb	to stand	GED
	stāitiš	n	station	GED
	stū̆nā	n.fem	pillar	GED
Indic
Sanskrit:	ásthām	vb.past	stood	GED
	tíṣṭhati	vb	to stand	GED
	sthavira	adj	stout, thick, broad	W7
	sthā́tar-	n	guide (of horses/wagons)	GED
	sthātár-	adj	re: that which endures, is firm	GED
	sthātrám	n	location, abode	GED
	sthā́ma	n.neut	position, strength	GED
	sthitás	adj	placed, standing	GED
	sthítiṣ	n	station	GED
	sthitíṣ	n	station	GED
	sthū́ṇā	n	pillar	GED
	sthūra	adj	stout, thick, broad	W7
	sthūrás	adj	big	GED
Tocharian
Tocharian B:	stām	n	tree	GED
	stāre	vb.3.pl	are	GED
	ste	vb.3.sg	is	GED
Tocharian A:	ṣtām	n	tree	GED

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
1	=	1st person
3	=	3rd person
I	=	class 1
VI	=	class 6
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
afx	=	affix
aor	=	aorist (tense)
cont	=	contraction
dep	=	deponent
fem	=	feminine (gender)
ger	=	gerund(ive)
intrans	=	intransitive
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
past	=	past (tense)
perf	=	perfect (aspect)
pfx	=	prefix
pl	=	plural (number)
pres	=	present (tense)
prop	=	proper
ptc	=	participle
sfx	=	suffix
sg	=	singular (number)
str	=	strong (inflection)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
CGo	=	MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978)
CLD	=	Cassell's Latin Dictionary (1959, rev. 1968)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
KNW	=	Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
R1	=	Josette Rey-Debove and Alain Rey, eds. Le Nouveau Petit Robert (1993)
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next