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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: terp-, trep- 'to enjoy, satisfy oneself'

Semantic Fields: Glad, Joyful; to Please

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	ðearf	n.fem	need, requirement	LRC
English:	Euterpe	prop.n	Muse of music/lyric poetry, esp. flute playing (Greek mythology)	LRC
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	therve	n.fem	need	ASD
Old Low German:	therva	n.fem	need	ASD
Old High German:	darba	n.fem	need	ASD
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	þurfa, þarf, þurfta	vb	to need, be necessary	LRC
	þǫrf	n.fem	need, lack	LRC
Icelandic:	þörf	n.fem	need	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	þarba	n.fem	need, want	ASD
	þaúrban	vb.ptpr	to need, be in want	LRC
	þrafstjan	vb	to console, comfort	RPN
Italic
Latin:	Euterpe	prop.n.fem	Euterpe	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	tar̃pti, tar̃psta, tar̃po	vb	to thrive, grow luxuriantly	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	εὐ-τερπής	adj	delightful	LRC
	τέρπω	vb	to delight, satisfy	RPN
Indic
Sanskrit:	tṛ́pyati	vb	to delight, satisfy	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
prop	=	proper
ptpr	=	preterite-present (verb)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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