The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: trozdos- : tr̥zdos- 'thrush, blackbird'

Semantic Field: Bird

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	þrostle	n.fem	throstle	W7
	þrysce	n.fem	thrush	W7
Middle English:	ostrich	n	ostrich	W7
	sturdy	adj	sturdy	W7
	throstle	n	throstle	W7
	thrusche	n	thrush	W7
English:	ostrich	n	swift two-toed flightless African bird	AHD/W7
	struthious	adj	ratite, re: ostriches/related birds	AHD/W7
	sturdy	adj	stout, firmly built/constituted	AHD/W7
	throstle	n	thrush	AHD/W7
	thrush	n	small/medium passerine bird	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	drosca	n.fem	thrush	ASD
	droscala	n	throstle	W7
Middle High German:	drostel	n.fem	throstle, singing thrush	ASD
German:	Drossel	n.fem	throstle	LRC
N-Germanic
Swedish:	koltrast	n	blackbird, lit. black-thrush	TLL
	trast	n	thrush	SAO
Italic
Latin:	turdus	n.masc	thrush	W7
Vulgar Latin:	exturdio, exturdīre	vb	to be dizzy like thrush drunk from eating grapes	W7
Late Latin:	struthio	n.masc	ostrich	W7
Old French:	estourdir	vb	to stun	W7
	ostrusce	n.fem	ostrich	W7
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	στροψθός	n	sparrow	LRC
Greek:	στροψθός	n.masc/fem	sparrow	LS

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
SAO	=	Swedish Academy: Svenska Akademiens Ordbok (2011)
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next