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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support, but fonts for only the Unicode 2.0 character set (including combining diacritics). Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 3 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 2. tu̯ei-, extended tu̯ei-s- 'to shake, excite, move back and forth, shimmer'

Semantic Fields: to Shake; to Shine, Glisten

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	þwītan, þwāt, þwiton, þwiten	vb.str	to thwite	W7/ASD
Middle English:	sistrum	n	sistrum	W7
	thwitel	n	whittle	W7
	thwiten	vb	to thwite	W7
	whittel	n	whittle	W7
English:	doit	n	old Dutch coin	AHD/W7
	seism	n	earthquake	AHD/W7
	seismo-	pfx	re: seism, vibration	AHD/W7
	sistrum	n	ancient Egyptian percussion instrument	AHD/W7
	thwite	vb	to cut, shape, whittle	OED
	whittle	n	large knife	AHD/W7
	whittle	vb	to pare/cut off chips with knife	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Dutch:	duit	n	a coin	W7
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	þveita	vb	to thwite, hew	W7
	þveiti	n	small coin	W7
Icelandic:	þveita	n	small axe	ASD
	þveit(i)	n	cut-off piece, parcel of land	ASD
	þvita	n	kind of axe	ASD
Italic
Latin:	sistrum	n.neut	sistrum, rattle	W7
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	σείω	vb	to shake, move to/fro	LS
Greek:	σεισμός	n.masc	shock, seism, commotion	LS

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pfx	=	prefix
str	=	strong (inflection)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
OED	=	James A.H. Murray et al: The Oxford English Dictionary (1933)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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