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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

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Pokorny Etymon: 8. u̯es- 'to buy, sell, exchange'

Semantic Fields: to Buy; to Sell; to Trade

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	revilen	vb	to revile	W7
	vile	adj	vile	W7
English:	bazaar	n	Oriental market: rows of shops/stalls	AHD/W7
	monopsony	n	market with single buyer	AHD
	revile	vb	to vituperate, subject to verbal abuse	AHD/W7
	venal	adj	purchasable, able to be bought/sold for money	AHD/W7
	vile	adj	common, of small worth/account	AHD/W7
	vilify	vb	to lower in importance/estimation	AHD/W7
Italic
Latin:	venalis	adj	venal, for sale	W7
	venum	n.neut	sale	W7
	vilis	adj	vile, base	W7
Old French:	vil	adj	vile, base	W7
Middle French:	reviler	vb	to revile, despise	W7
	vil	adj	vile, mean	W7
Italian:	bazarro	n	bazaar	AHD
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	ὠνητός	adj	bought, purchased	LRC
	ʼω̃νος	n	purchase-money	LRC
Greek:	ōneisthai	vb	to buy	W7
Iranian
Persian:	bāzār	n	bazaar	W7
Indic
Sanskrit:	vasna	n	price	W7
Urdu:	bāzār	n	bazaar	AHD

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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