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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: ai-dh-, i-dh-, nasalized i-n-dh- 'to burn, shine'

Semantic Fields: to Burn, Scorch; to Shine, Glisten

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	ād/aad	n.masc	funeral pyre	ASD
	ǣlan	vb	to burn, kindle, set on fire	W7/ASD
	āl(ed)	n	fire	CDC
	āst	n.fem	oast	IEW
Middle English:	ether	n	ether	W7
	ost	n	oast	W2I
English:	aedile	n	Roman official	AHD/W7
	(a)estival	adj	re: summer	AHD/W7
	(a)estivate	vb	to pass summer in torpor	AHD/W7
	(a)ether	n	heavens, upper air	AHD/W7
	estuary	n	inlet, arm of the sea	AHD/W7
	Etna	prop.n	volcano in Sicily	AHD
	oast	n	kiln, drying oven	W2I
W-Germanic
Dutch:	eest	n	oast	W2I
Old Saxon:	eld	n	fire	CDC
German:	Ätna	prop.n	Etna	LRC
	Stiefel	n	boot	TLL
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	eldr	n.masc	fire	LRC
	styfill	n	boot	KNW
Danish:	ild	n	fire	CDC
	støvle	n	boot	TLL
Swedish:	eld	n	fire	CDC
Italic
Latin:	aedes	n.fem	house, building, temple	W7
	aedilis	n.masc	aedile	W7
	aestās, aestātis	n.fem	summer	LRC
	aestīvus	adj	re: summer	CLD
	aestuarium	n.neut	estuary, low ground covered by sea at high tide	W7
	aestus, aestūs	n.masc	heat; swell, surge, tide	LRC
	aether	n.neut	aether	W7
	Aetna	prop.n	Etna, lit. fiery one	AHD
Old French:	estival	n	long boot	LRC
Italian:	stivale	n	boot	LRC
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	αἰθήρ	n.neut	sky, aether	W7
Greek:	aithein	vb	to blaze, ignite	W7
Indic
Sanskrit:	edh-as	n	wood for fuel	ASD

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
prop	=	proper
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
CLD	=	Cassell's Latin Dictionary (1959, rev. 1968)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
KNW	=	Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W2I	=	Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd ed. (1959)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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