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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

Fans of J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings may appreciate the source & meaning tips that pop up when the mouse pointer hovers over a non-obvious word or name that he coined from Indo-European (usually Old English or Old Norse) stock. But only reflexes of PIE etyma can be included, and these tend to concentrate in the vocabulary of Rohan and the Shire.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 2. aig- 'oak'

Semantic Fields: Oak; Tree, Oak

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	āc/ǣc	n.fem	oak	IEW/ASD
Middle English:	ak(e)/ok(e)/ook	n	oak	CDC
English:	oak	n	type of tree/wood	IEW
	Oakenshield	prop.n	epithet for Thorin in Tolkien: The Hobbit	LRC
Scots English:	aik	n	oak	CDC
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	ēk	n	oak	CDC
Frisian:	ik	n	oak	ASD
Middle Dutch:	eeke	n	oak	CDC
Dutch:	eek/eik	n	oak	ASD/CDC
Middle Low German:	ēke	n	oak	CDC
Low German:	eke	n	oak	CDC
Old High German:	ei(c)h	n	oak	CDC
Middle High German:	eich(e)	n	oak	CDC
German:	Eiche	n.fem	oak (tree)	LRC
	Eichel	n.fem	acorn	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	eik	n.fem	oak, tree; ship	LRC
	Eikinskjaldi	prop.n	lit. Oaken-shield (Voluspa dwarf)	TPE
Norwegian:	eik	n	oak	CDC
Danish:	eg	n	oak	CDC
Swedish:	ek	n	oak	CDC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
prop	=	proper

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TPE	=	Lee M. Hollander: The Poetic Edda (1962)

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