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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 2. an- 'there, other side'

Semantic Field: Side

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	ōþer	adj	other	W7
Middle English:	anodir/anoþer/anothire	adj/pron	another	MEV
	other	adj	other	W7
English:	another	adj/pron	one other	LRC
	other	adj	second, different, one of two/more	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	ander/oder/other/or	adj	other	CDC
Middle Dutch:	ander	adj	other	CDC
Dutch:	ander	adj	other	CDC
Old Saxon:	andar/āðar	adj	other	CDC
	ōðar/ōþar/ōðer	adj	other	CDC
Middle Low German:	ander	adj	other	CDC
Low German:	ander	adj	other	CDC
Old High German:	andar/ander	adj	other	CDC
Middle High German:	ander	adj	other	CDC
German:	ander	adj	other	CDC
	anders	adj	different	LRC
	oder	conj	or	TLL
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	annarr	adj/pron	other	LRC
Icelandic:	annarr	adj	other	CDC
Danish:	anden	adj	other	CDC
Swedish:	annan	adj	other	CDC
E-Germanic
Gothic:	anþar	adj	other, another	LRC
Italic
Latin:	alter	adj	other	CDC
Portuguese:	outro	adj	other	CDC
Spanish:	otro	adj	other	CDC
Old French:	altre/autre	adj	other	CDC
French:	autre	adj	other	CDC
Provençal:	altre/autre	adj	other	CDC
Italian:	altro	adj	other	CDC
Baltic
Old Prussian:	antars	adj	other	CDC
Lithuanian:	añtras, antrà	pron/adj	other	LRC
Latvian:	ōtrs	adj	other	CDC
Slavic
Polish:	on	pron	he, that	CDC
	wtory	adj	second	CDC
Czech:	on	pron	he, that	CDC
	úterý	adj	second	CDC
Serbian:	on	pron	he, that	CDC
Old Church Slavonic:	vŭtorŭ	adj	second	CDC
	onŭ	pron	he, that	CDC
Russian:	vtorno-	adj	second	CDC
	onŭ	pron	he, that	CDC
Hellenic
Greek:	ἐάν, ἤν	conj	if	LRC
	κἄν	conj	and if	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	*ana/anya	dem.pron	that	CDC
	an(ya)tara	adj	other	CDC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
conj	=	conjunction
dem	=	demonstrative
pron	=	pronoun

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
MEV	=	J.R.R. Tolkien: A Middle English Vocabulary (1922)
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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