The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Jonathan Slocum, Interim Director :: PCL 5.112, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 2. ā̆p- 'water, river'

Semantic Fields: River, Stream, Brook; Water

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	ab	n	stream	LRC
English
English:	Avon	prop.n	river name (loan from Celtic)	LRC
Italic
Latin:	amnis	n.masc	stream, river	LRC
Baltic
Old Prussian:	ape	n	creek	LRC
Lithuanian:	ùpe	n	river	LRC
Latvian:	upe	n	river	LRC
Anatolian
Hittite:	hapa-	n	stream, river	LRC
Palaic:	hapnas	n	river	LRC
Iranian
Avestan:	āfš	n	stream, current	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	ā́pas	n	waters	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
prop	=	proper

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin