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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: au̯es- 'to shine'

Semantic Field: to Shine, Glisten

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	ār	n	copper, bronze, ore	W7/ASD
	ēast	adv	east	W7
	ēasterne	adj	eastern	W7
	ēastre	n	Easter	W7
	ēast-weard	adv	eastward	LRC
Middle English:	aureat	adj	aureate	W7
	aureole	n	heavenly crown worn by saints	W7
	est	n	east	W7
	estern	adj	eastern	W7
	estre	n	Easter	W7
	or	n	ore	W7
	orfrey	n	orphrey	W7
	oriflamble	n	oriflamme	W7
	orpiment	n	orpiment	W7
English:	aureate	adj	of golden color/brilliance	AHD/W7
	aureole	n	nimbus, sacred radiant light (in art)	AHD/W7
	auric	adj	re: gold, esp. when trivalent	AHD/W7
	auriferous	adj	gold-bearing	AHD/W7
	aurora	n	dawn; arches/streamers of light in night sky	LRC
	east	adv	to/toward/in the east	AHD/W7
	Easter	prop.n	Christian feast commemorating Christ's Resurrection	LRC
	eastern	adj	of or relating to the east	AHD/W7
	eo-	pfx	oldest, earliest	AHD/W7
	Eos	prop.n	Greek dawn goddess	LRC
	eosin	n	a red fluorescent dye	AHD/W7
	eyrir	n	type of money	AHD/W7
	or	n	heraldic gold/yellow colour	AHD/W7
	ore	n	metal-loaded mineral	AHD/W7
	ore	n	type of money	AHD/W7
	oriflamme	n	inspirational banner or symbol	AHD/W7
	oriole	n	family of Old World passerine birds	AHD/W7
	oroide	n	alloy resembling gold used in cheap jewelry	AHD/W7
	orphrey	n	elaborate embroidery	AHD/W7
	orpiment	n	orange/yellow arsenic trisulfide, used as pigment	AHD/W7
	Ostrogoth	prop.n	an eastern Goth	LRC
W-Germanic
Old High German:	ēr	n	bronze	W7
	ōstar	adv	to the east	W7
	ōstarun	n	(pl.) Easter	W7
	ōstrōni	adj	eastern	W7
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	austan	adv	from the east, eastward, lying east	LRC
	austmaðr	n.masc	Easterner, Norwegian	LRC
	Austri	prop.n.masc	East	LRC
	eyrir	n	ounce of silver, money (in pl.)	W7
Icelandic:	eyrir	n	a monetary unit, 100th of a krona	W7
Norwegian:	øre	n	a monetary unit	W7
Swedish:	öre	n	monetary unit	W7
Italic
Latin:	aes, aeris	n.neut	copper, bronze	W7
	aureola	adj.fem	golden	W7
	aureolus	adj	golden	W7
	aureus, aurea, aureum	adj	golden	LRC
	aurifer	adj	that produces gold	W7
	auripigmentum	n.neut	orpiment	W7
	Aurora	prop.n.fem	goddess of dawn	W7
	aurora	n.fem	dawn	W7
	aurum	n.neut	gold	W7
	Phrygius	adj	Phrygian	W7
	pigmentum	n.neut	paint, colors to paint with	W7
Late Latin:	Ostrogothi	n.masc.pl	the Ostrogoths	W7
Medieval Latin:	aureatus	adj	decorated with gold	W7
	aureola	n.fem	aureole	W7
	aurifrigium	n.neut	orphrey	W7
Middle French:	or	n.masc	gold	W7
	orfreis	n.fem	orphrey, a bird of prey	W7
	oriflamble	n.masc	oriflamme, red banner	W7
	orpiment	n.masc	an herb	W7
French:	oriol	n.masc	oriole	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	auksas	n.masc	gold	W7
Latvian:	austrums	n.masc	east	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	Ἠώς	prop.n.fem	Eos, goddess of dawn	LRC
	ἠώς	n.fem	dawn, daybreak, morning	LRC
Iranian
Avestan:	ushā	n	dawn	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	uṣās	n	dawn	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pfx	=	prefix
pl	=	plural (number)
prop	=	proper

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)